<p>The Thexton Ranch, also known as Thextondale, was established by George Thexton in 1872 on the Madison River about 7 mi south of Ennis, Montana. The ranch is a significant example of an operating Montana ranch, and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its prominence in local history and its character as a ranching operation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Thexton had been born in England in 1824, and emigrated to the United States in 1855 with his wife Nancy Redhead Thexton. They settled in Grant County, Wisconsin, where Thexton took up his trade as a blacksmith. George remained there until 1864, when he left his family in Wisconsin and went to seek his fortune in the Alder Gulch goldfields of Montana, taking his tools with him. Having seen an opportunity to establish a business in Montana, he returned to Wisconsin to fetch his wife and four children. By the time they had reached Montana in 1867 there were five children. Thexton opened a blacksmith shop in Virginia City. In 1871 he established the Star Livery stable. By the next year he was able to buy his first 160 acre on the Madison from Charles Johnson. George continued to manage his businesses in Virginia City, building a stone house there in 1884. By 1888 his wife and his two oldest sons had died, and George moved to the ranch with his surviving son Thomas, his daughter Annie, and his niece Agnes Whalley. George Thexton lived on the ranch until his death in 1904.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Thexton had helped his father and had operated a cartage business hauling freight around Madison County. Thomas concentrated on building up herds of shorthorn cattle and horse after he moved to the ranch. He married Mary Ann Foreman in 1899. In 1910 Thomas hired a carpenter to build a new house which was completed in 1912, and expanded the ranch to more than 500 acres. Thomas died in 1929 and his wife and sons operated the ranch. Tom Thexton moved into the original ranch log ranch house while his mother, sisters and brothers lived in the newer stone house. The ranch prospered during World War II. By 1977, when Don and Tom Thexton sold the ranch, it had expanded to comprise 3,000 acre ares, with an additional 5,000 acre of leased land. The log ranch house was torn down. The ranch continues as an active cattle ranch.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The ranch headquarters is located on a bench along Blaine Spring Creek, near the Madison River about 1,200 yard to the east. The chief structure is the 1910-1912 ranch house, built by Jake Bauer. The house is a two-story cast-in-place concrete building with a hipped pyramidal roof. Large stones have been cast into the walls. There are two enclosed porches. A one-story log bunkhouse is located behind the main house, with two rooms, one storage and the other a room for a hired hand. The two -story log barn is to the south of the bunkhouse. It is believed to have been built before 1912. A root cellar, also built before 1912 is to the north of the barn. The 30 ft by 30 ft log granary remains as well. A hay road runs from the barn, past the granary and down to a ford on Blaine Spring Creek, running in a coulee down to the hay fields in the stream valley.</p><br>
<h2>Present</h2><br>
<p>The original Thexton Ranch is part of the north unit of the Alton Ranch. The Thexton Ranch was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 12, 2006.</p><br>
<p>Feldman&#39;s Department Store, currently known as the Teal Professional Building, is a historic commercial building in Haleyville, Winston County, Alabama. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 12, 2009.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Feldmans is a two-story brick building that was completed in 1911 for John Dodd. It was the first brick building, and is the oldest surviving commercial building, in Haleyville. The building was purchased by Moses Feldman in 1914. He and his wife, Fanny Royal, were both Eastern European Jewish immigrants to the United States. They purchased Dodds building in order to open a department store in the rapidly expanding town. The store occupied the entire first floor, with assorted professional and business offices housed on the second. The Feldmans son Abe joined the business during the 1930s. The department store operated into the late 1990s, closing upon the death of the Feldmans youngest son David.</p><br>
<p>Lake Lulu is a natural freshwater lake in Winter Haven, Florida. The lake has a 315 acre surface area and has a somewhat irregular oval shape. It is bounded on the north and northeast by private residences. It has no eastern or western sides, as the lake&#39;s shore comes to a point on those two sides. At the eastern point, it is bounded by West Lake Eloise Drive and about 75 ft beyond that is Lake Eloise. The entire south side of the lake is lined with a swampy area and a dense growth of trees.</p><br>
<p>On the northwest, Lake Lulu is bordered by the Chain of Lakes Complex. Part of this is the Chain of Lakes Park, which is on the south portion of the Chain of Lakes Complex. The entire south end of the complex consists of baseball fields. The Chain of Lakes Park is one particular baseball stadium that was built in 1966 to serve as the Boston Red Sox spring training facility. It was renovated in 1993 and the Cleveland Indians used the stadium for spring training until 2009. This stadium, located 225 ft from the lake&#39;s shore, is no longer used for spring training.</p><br>
<p>Lake Lulu can be accessed by the public on the eastern point bordering on West Lake Eloise Drive and on the shore along the Chain of Lakes Complex. In theory, it can be accessed along the entire south side. This is very swampy and finding solid ground to walk to the lake is inadvisable. There are no public boat ramps or swimming areas on the lake&#39;s shore. However, Lake Lulu is part of the Winter Haven Chain of Lakes, and is accessible by boat from a number of area lakes via canal. Lake Lulu is directly connected by canal to Lake Shipp to the west and Lake Eloise and Lake Roy to the east. The Hook and Bullet website says Lake Lulu contains largemouth bass, bluegill and crappie.</p><br>
<p>East Monument Historic District  is a national historic district in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is a large residential area with a commercial area located along East Monument Street. It comprises approximately 88 whole and partial blocks. The residential area is composed primarily of row-houses that were developed, beginning in the 1870s, as housing for Baltimore&#39;s growing Bohemian  immigrant community. Most of the homes in the district were created after older homes were demolished in order to make room for expansions to the Johns Hopkins Hospital. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries the neighborhood was the heart of the Bohemian community in Baltimore. The Bohemian National Parish of the Roman Catholic Church, St. Wenceslaus, is located in the neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the late 1800s and early 1900s, the neighborhood was known colloquially as Little Bohemia or Bohemia Village.</p><br>
<p>By 1969, the Czech-American community in Little Bohemia was predominantly composed of ageing homeowners who lived alongside more recently arrived African-American residents. However, many of the older white Czech-Americans harbored racist attitudes towards black people. According to a reporter with The Baltimore Sun, "The older people of Bohemian extraction still live in the houses they own...but they share the neighborhood with black people whom they do not seem to appreciate or understand." This was the last generation of Czech-Americans to remain in Little Bohemia in large numbers, with the neighborhood transitioning into a predominantly African-American neighborhood by the 1970s and 1980s.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 8, 2009.</p><br>
<p>Carse Loch is situated  in a low-lying area, surrounded by woodland, close to the A76 at Friar&#39;s Carse, in Dumfries and Galloway, Parish of Dunscore. It was once used as a monastic fish pond and the friars are said to have hidden their treasures on the crannog in times of danger. The loch is located about 7 miles from Dumfries and 2 miles from Auldgirth.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1465 a charter was granted by Cardinal Antonius of Rome for the Cistercian order of monks from Melrose to build a monastery on the site of the old British fort and druidical circle at Friar&#39;s Carse. Only a monastic farm or grange may have actually been established at the site of the present day hotel of Friars Carse rather than a friary as also witnessed by the names Grange Mill, Grange Loch, Grangeview, etc.</p><br>
<p>The place name Court Hill close to the loch may recall the location of the Court Hill of the friars and later feudal lairds, suggesting that the loch may have served as the drowning pit for female criminals as part of the pit and gallows powers of feudal law enforcement.</p><br>
<p>The place name Kerse or Carse in the Scots language refers to Low and fertile land adjacent to a river or loch. The loch was once used as a fish pond by the friars of the monastic grange.</p><br>
<p>William Crawfords map of 1804 shows a Grange Mill and Grange Loch with a single island. Roys map of 1747 shows a Grange Loch with a mill nearby and a single island.</p><br>
<p>The 1855 OS map shows a substantial loch with a single island and the nearby Carse Mill corn mill with a lade avoiding the loch and joining its Main Burn outflow. By 1899 Carse Loch has reduced considerably in size and the lade from Carse Mill enters it directly.</p><br>
<p>In 1909 the loch, recorded as Friars&#39; Carse Loch, had a surface area of between two and three acres. The loch was fed by the diverted and dammed Laggan Burn as well a burn running down from Allanton, the outflow being the Mains Burn. Since the closure of the mill the Laggan Burn no longer runs into the loch, greatly reducing the water supply.</p><br>
<h3>The Crannog</h3><br>
<p>A small island in a loch near Friars&#39; Carse was identified as a being the remains of a lake dwelling or crannog, and in 1878 was measured as being circa 80 ft by 70 ft.</p><br>
<p>Some of the timbers were morticed and bore traces of clay flooring and central paving. Medieval pottery was found and additionally a dug-out canoe or logboat with a paddle, carrying an inserted sternboard, was found in the mud near the crannog</p><br>
<p>As stated, he friars are said to have hidden their treasures on the crannog during times of war, raids from England, etc. The nearby Debatable lands were also frequently in turmoil.</p><br>
<p>An axe hammer was found on the old crannog that was located in the loch.</p><br>
<p>Carse Loch is now much reduced in surface area through drainage and is enclosed within a marsh surrounded by a part of the Stottpark woodlands. The original crannog is said to have collapsed under the water surface in 1879 following its archaeological investigation, although one or two islands are still shown on modern OS maps. The loch has since been progressively drained via the Mains Burn.</p><br>
<h3>Carse Mills</h3><br>
<p>The corn mill or miln (Scots), shown near Grange Loch in 1747, was still operational in 1909 fed by the Laggan Burn with two holding ponds with a dam and sluice located to the south of the minor road at Burnhead. The OS maps show that the lade leading away from the mill originally emptied into the Mains Burn until the 1890s when the water entered the partly drained loch directly. The Mains Burn empties directly into the River Nith. A diversion lade is shown on the 19th century OS maps, allowing water to be directed away from the water wheel when required.</p><br>
<p>A smithy and a small school are marked on the 19th century OS maps next to Grangeview below Burnhead Farm.</p><br>
<p>A mill building is also shown in 1855 at Carse Mains Farm below Penflowing Bridge, where a small millpond and dam was once located. By 1899 the millpond had been drained and only a hydraulic ram is shown at the site of the old mill.</p><br>
<h2>Micro-history</h2><br>
<p>In 1879 fine examples of Roman paterae or drinking bowls were found near Friars Carse during the construction of the road.</p><br>
<p>The Laggan Burn in 1909 was considered to be suitable for the production of electricity via a hydroelectric power plant.</p><br>
<p>Memorials in Dunscore Old Kirk burial ground record details of the Ireland and Fergusson families of Carse Mill.</p><br>
<p>The Gold Creek Ranger Station is located in Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest in Elko County, Nevada, USA. It was built in 1910 to administer the Ruby Mountains Forest Reserve, which became Humboldt National Forest. The compound was later expanded by labor provided by the Civilian Conservation Corps.</p><br>
<p>The ranger station comprises nine wood frame buildings that are representative of the Bungalow/Craftsman architectural style employed by the USA Forest Service in its administrative facilities from 1910 to 1940. The original ranger station was built in 1910 as a combination residence and office. Supporting structures included a barn, root cellar and privy. The main building was expanded in 1915, when it was functioning as the administrative headquarters for the entire Ruby Mountains reserve. The barn was removed in the 1920s and was eventually replaced by a shed covered with corrugated metal, possibly re-using the barn&#39;s timbers. The root cellar was expanded in the 1930s by CCC labor, using faced stone from the nearby Hammond Mine.</p><br>
<p>A new barn was built in 1934. The two story wood frame building originally accommodated four horses, but was remodeled in the 1970s to serve as a bunkhouse for Youth Conservation Corps volunteers. A wood frame combination garage and office building conforming to Forest Service Plan 1111 was built in 1933-34 and altered to include office space in 1958 and 1963. In the 1970s it was converted to a kitchen-dining hall for the YCC. In 1938 the CCC built a gas and oil house.</p><br>
<p>The compound also includes three tourist cabins. Cabin 5 was built to Forest Service Plan 99 at another site and was moved to Gold Creek. It measures 12.52 by. Cabin 8 matches Cabin 5, and was also moved to the site from an unknown location. Cabin 9 was built to Forest Service Plan 21 at another site and was joined to another structure when it was moved to Gold Creek. It measures 26 ft by 33 ft.</p><br>
<p>The Gold Creek Ranger Station was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 15, 1992.</p><br>
<p>Piz Cambrialas  is a mountain of the Glarus Alps, overlooking the Val Russein in the Swiss canton of Graubünden.</p><br>
<p>The mountain lies in the range between the Maderanertal and the Val Russein and has two summits of nearly-identical height separated by a ca. 100 m deep saddle. The north summit (3,205 m) is 100 m southeast of the watershed and the border with the canton of Uri. It can be relatively easily ascended over the Ober Hüfifirn glacier.</p><br>
<p>The 3 m higher south summit can be reached in about an hour over the ridge connecting the summits, via a 6 hour scramble over the south ridge, or via the east ridge with up to UIAA IV+ climbing. The rarely visited true summit reportedly was only reached in 1905, very late for a mountain in the Alps and 39 years after the north summit had been scaled.</p><br>
<p>Humboldt Cave is an archeological site in Churchill County, Nevada, USA that is one of the earliest documented human habitations in North America. It was inhabited by people of the eponymous Humboldt Culture and the Lovelock Culture, and its documented habitation extends to 9000 BC.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Humboldt Cave is a dry cave which was first excavated by archeologists in 1936. The caves environment preserved artifacts including fiber and skin garments, bags and mats. Other artifacts found in the cave have documented contact with cultures in what are now Arizona and California. The cave was formed by vertical faulting in a cliff face, which was periodically flooded by Lake Lahontan. The flooding deposited tufa over the caves surfaces, preserving them from erosion. The remains of the lake, now known as Humboldt Sink, are 220 ft below the cave, 6 mi away. The cave opening is about 8 ft high and 6 ft wide, widening to 8 ft inside, with a depth of about 49 ft. In addition to humans, the cave was also inhabited by bats, whose guano was 3 ft to 6 ft in depth on the cave&#39;s floor before excavation.</p><br>
<h2>Excavation</h2><br>
<p>Humboldt Cave was excavated in 1936 by Robert F. Heizer of the University of California, Berkeley. The Archaeology of Humboldt Cave, Churchill County, Nevada was not published until 1956. Heizer concluded that the remote location relative to the lake and marshes made Humboldt Cave a temporary refuge rather than a permanent residence.</p><br>
<p>Initial stages of excavation concentrated on improving access by widening the caves opening. The cave was surveyed and divide into twelve sections 3 ft wide by the width of the cave for individual excavation. Sections were excavated in 6 in increments. Apart from fur, feather, bone, wood and horn that had been damaged by insects and rodents, artifacts were recovered in near-perfect condition. A total of about 1,400 cuft of deposits were removed from the cave. No significant evidence of distinct occupation levels was apparent. Heizer proposed that Humboldt Caves occupants corresponded to those of the later or upper levels of Lovelock Cave. The cave had been occupied by pack rats, who filled any available space with gathered material, which included artifacts, particularly in a low hollowed space that the excavators called the "South Alcove." Pack rats jumbled much of the material, as was illustrated when, during excavation, a wool sweater was left in the cave. Rats shredded the sweater and took the pieces into the alcove, where parts of sweater were recovered all the way to the solid cave floor during later excavation.</p><br>
<h2>Artifacts</h2><br>
<p>The most significant artifacts recovered during the excavation were usually found in one of 31 cache pits dug into the cave floor by the inhabitants. The pits were lined with worn-out baskets, pieces of baskets, or grass. Cache 13 in particular, called by excavators the "shamans cache," yielded a birdskin robe, pouches, waterfowl bones and skins, hawk feathers and a stuffed canvasback duck head. The robe was believed to have originally been feathered, the feathers having been extensively damaged by insects while buried. Heizer speculated that the caches contents might have been curative tokens, or could simply have been used to make decoys. A number of shaped sickles fashioned from bighorn sheep horns were also recovered.</p><br>
<p>Humboldt Cave was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 16, 1976.</p><br>
<p>Boshell&#39;s Mill is the historic site of a gristmill and sawmill on Lost Creek near Townley in rural Walker County, Alabama. The 4 acre site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Boshell&#39;s Mill, one of several mills run by the Boshell family in Walker County, was started by William R. Boshell in 1885. It was initially a steam engine-powered sawmill only, with the creek used to transport logs to the mill. Boshell expanded the mill in 1901 with the addition of a dam built using locally quarried stone. It was completed in 1902. A gristmill was built on the opposite bank of the creek in 1903. Water turbines at each end of the dam supplied power to each mill.</p><br>
<p>The Boshell family operated the mills until 1963. It was listed on the National Register on May 30, 1975. A fire destroyed the sawmill building in 1976. Another fire destroyed the gristmill in 1986. The stone foundation piers and dam currently remain intact.</p><br>
<p>The Bankhead House, also known as Sunset and the John Hollis Bankhead House, is a historic mansion in Jasper, Walker County, Alabama. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 18, 1973.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Classical Revival-style house was built for John H. Bankhead in 1910. He served in the Alabama Legislature, as a USA Representative, and as a USA Senator. His granddaughter, the award-winning actress Tallulah Brockman Bankhead and her sister Eugenia, were raised in the house when Congress was not in session.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Classical Revival-style house is a two-story wood frame building with a stone foundation and hipped roof. It features a one-story portico that spans the full width of the front (east) of the house and partially wraps around each side. At the front central bay, the porch projects and transitions to a two-tiered portico that frames the main entrance. A porte cochere projects out from the main porch on the south side of the house. Most of the windows feature one lite per sash, typical of the time the house was built.</p><br>
<p>Cauldron Linn, or Caldron Linn, is a waterfall on the River Devon on the border between Clackmannanshire and Perth and Kinross in Scotland.</p><br>
<h2>Location and description</h2><br>
<p>Caldron Linn is about a mile below Rumbling Bridge, and can be accessed through fields by Powmill, with a 150 ft slippery descent to reach it. The height of its fall was lessened in 1886 by rock fall. Here are two cataracts, distant from each other 28 yards. The upper fall, thirty-four feet in height, declines a little from the perpendicular; the rocks rise out of the channel, and there is one like a pillar, horizontal at the top, by which many persons have passed from one side to the other. Between these falls, the river has formed three round cavities, having the appearance of large caldrons or boilers. In the first, the water is perpetually agitated as if it were boiling; in the second, it is covered with a constant foam; in the third, which is the largest, being 22 feet in diameter, it appears as if spread out in a large cooler.</p><br>
<p>These cavities are separated from each other by ledges of rock; they communicate, not by the water running over their brim, but by apertures about middle depth in their ledges, wrought out in the course of ages by the action of the water. The lower caldron discharges the water into the last fall through a similar aperture, having the appearance of a door or large window hewn out of the rock. Through this opening, the river rushes in one vast and rapid torrent over a stupendous pile of perpendicular rocks, into a deep and romantic glen.</p><br>
<p>The noise of its fall is tremendous, and the rocks seem to tremble to their centre, while the mind of the spectator is deeply affected by emotions of wonder and admiration. The height of the rock is 88 feet, and the fall 44.</p><br>
<p>The most complete view of this magnificent scene, and of the deep and finely-wooded dell, is from the bottom of the great fall, where it has the appearance of a prodigious fountain gushing from the solid rock. It is beheld to most advantage between one and two o&#39;clock in the afternoon, when the sun shines directly in front of it. A vapour constantly ascends from the pool; in sunshine this vapour exhibits all the colours of the rainbow, which, by the constant agitation of the air, disperse, and again appear in the most beautiful combinations.</p><br>
<p>The Caldron Linn, in short, is perhaps the greatest natural curiosity, and certainly one of the most sublime objects in Scotland. More than twenty years ago the following extraordinary occurrence happened at this place: a fox, which was hard pursued by a pack of hounds, led them along the banks of the river, till he reached the boiling caldron, which he crossed; the dogs attempted to follow, but being unacquainted with the path, they fell, one after another, into the caldron, and were drowned. Several years ago, a gentleman fell into the same caldron, and was extricated with the greatest difficulty."</p><br>
<p>The First United Methodist Church is a historic United Methodist Church in Jasper, Walker County, Alabama. The congregation dates back to the 1830s. This building is their fifth, built from 1912–21. Architectural scholars consider this to be one of the best of its type in the state. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 14, 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The First United Methodist Church is the oldest religious congregation in Jasper. It was formed on June 14, 1833 when the first log church, formerly a community school, was deeded to the congregation. This building was used until they built a new frame structure at the current site circa 1858–59. The congregation went through two additional buildings before building the current church.</p><br>
<p>The congregation established a building fund for a new structure in 1912. Construction started sometime afterwards. Lycurgus Breckenridge Musgrove was a major source of funding. A local banker and businessman, he donated two dollars for every one dollar raised by other means. He also donated the marble used in construction and the pipe organ. The construction was interrupted by World War I, but resumed afterward. The new building was dedicated on November 3, 1921.</p><br>
<p>A tornado struck the building on April 3, 1974, causing extensive damage to the cupola and roof. It also ripped the main sanctuary doors apart, damaged or destroyed 34 of the 38 stained glass windows, and caused water damage in the interior. The damage was repaired from 1975–76. Destroyed stained glass windows were restored with sympathetically-designed modern replacements.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Architectural historians with the Alabama Historical Commission consider the building to be "among Alabama&#39;s most outstanding examples of Beaux-Arts neoclassicism as interpreted for an ecclesiastical structure." Oddly, for a 20th-century building, the architect is unknown. Some scholars have suggested William Leslie Welton, a leading Birmingham architect of the period. It is also possible that it was adapted from designs in the Methodist publication Catalog of Plans of Down to Date Twentieth Century Churches, published in 1912. It closely resembles plans 58 and 59 by George Kramer, an architect in New York City. Another possibility is that the design was largely by the church pastor at that time, the Reverend William Winfield Scott.</p><br>
<p>The building is masonry, faced with Georgia marble. The two-story building is rectangular, set atop a raised basement. With the building situated on a corner lot, the principal facades are on the north and east sides. The projecting porticoes on the principal facades are hexastyle with monolithic columns. The Ionic column capitals are a type used by Vincenzo Scamozzi. An off-center pavilion on the south side of the building contains the choir. The porticoes on the two principal facades are flanked by large arched stained glass windows. A shallow hipped roof of terracotta tiles covers the building, surmounted by an octagonal cupola.</p><br>
<p>The primary space in the interior of the church is the sanctuary. It is a large square auditorium. Panelled pilasters and other elaborate woodwork in Honduran mahogany encircles the two-story room. A circular 34 ft diameter art glass dome, 9 ft high, provides illumination in the room. It is made up of 109 sections and contains 30,000 individual pieces of glass. It is lighted from above by electric light bulbs.</p><br>
<p>The Ortiz Mountains are a mountain range in north central New Mexico, United States, in Santa Fe County, northeast of the Sandia Mountains and due north of the San Pedro Mountains. The Ortiz include Placer Peak, the highest peak in the range at 8,858 feet, Lone Mountain at 7,310 feet, Cedar Mountain at 7,041 feet, Cerro Chato at 6,965 feet, and the foothills known as the Los Lomas de la Bolsa.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Ortiz Mountains are on the east side of the Rio Grande Rift, with the Santa Domingo Basin and Hagan Basin of the rift to their west, with the Sandia uplift to the southwest, and the Espanola Basin and the Estancia Basin to the east. They form part of the watershed boundary between the Rio Grande and the Pecos River.</p><br>
<p>The Ortiz Mountains are part of the larger Ortiz porphyry belt of Santa Fe County, and consist of late Eocene to early Oligocene intrusive igneous rocks and their sedimentary host rock. Other members of the Ortiz porphyry belt are South Mountain, the San Pedro Mountains and the Cerrillos Hills. These porphyry intrusions were followed by movement on the Tijeras-Canoncito fault and later mid Oligocene (31.4&ndash;27.9 ma) intrusions of stocks and dikes with mineralization including both base and precious metals.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Placer mining for gold in the Ortiz Mountains was carried out by the early Spanish using Indian slave labor, but the first significant placer workings began in 1821. The underground Ortiz Mine was opened in 1822. By 1832, several gold-bearing veins had been discovered. The first gold lode mine in the West was in the Ortiz, as well as the first railroad in New Mexico. The gold separation mill was the work of Thomas Edison. But following World War I, mining costs had risen and the low grade ores and relative lack of water resulted in the last mines being closed.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, Consolidated Gold Fields opened an open pit on the Cunningham Hill deposit, the same deposit that the Ortiz Mine had worked. Using the heap and leach method, they extracted approximately 250,000 ounces of gold before closing in 1986. A joint venture of LAC Minerals and Pegasus Gold Corporation did exploratory work beginning in 1989 primarily investigating the Carache Canyon and Lucas Canyon deposits. They did open a new adit into the Carache Canyon deposit, but stopped after 1719 feet due to regulatory issues, lawsuits and a declining gold price.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>Precipitation averages twelve inches per year. The lowest elevations are Artemisia shrublands, known as sagebrush steppe, which give way to piñon-juniper woodlands at higher elevations.</p><br>
<h3>Ortiz Mountains Educational Preserve</h3><br>
<p>The Ortiz Mountains Educational Preserve (OMEP) opened to the public in 2003. The 1,350-acre reserve was created as settlement of a lawsuit by residents against Lac Minerals. It is owned by Santa Fe County and managed by the Santa Fe Botanical Garden.</p><br>
<p>The Gilchrist House was a historic farmhouse near Cordova in Walker County, Alabama. Built when Alabama was still a part of the Mississippi Territory, it was considered by architectural scholars as one of the oldest surviving houses in Alabama and the oldest structure in the central and western area of the state. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 24, 1972. It was destroyed by fire during the late 1990s, but the site remains listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Gilchrist House was built by Edmon (also spelled Edmond, Edmund) Gilchrist, who migrated to Alabama from Edgefield, South Carolina. He first settled in Lowndes County, but relocated to Walker County and built the house in 1812 on land granted to him by the Federal government. The house was still owned by his descendants when it was listed on the National Register during the early 1970s.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house was a two-story wooden timber frame structure, elevated on piers. The original portion was rectangular, with one upstairs room over one downstairs room. Bookend chimneys were present on each side of the two-story structure. A one-story side wing and a full-width porch were added in the late 1880s and early 1900s.</p><br>
<p>The Sons of Norway Hall, also known as Fedrelandet Lodge #23, is a historic fraternal society building on Indian St. in Petersburg, Alaska. It is a large two-story wood frame structure with a gambrel roof, measuring about 105 ft in length and 55 ft in width. Built in 1912 by volunteers, it was the first Sons of Norway lodge building built in Alaska. The hall was built large enough to stage events involving the entire community of Petersburg, and it was used for many years for all types of civic, social, public, and private events. During World War II it was used as an armory, and it served as a National Guard headquarters in the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Wadi Yaroun, Wadi Yarun, Wadi Jarun, Wadi Hanine, Jarun or Jareon is a wadi located south of Ain Ebel in the Bint Jbeil District of Nabatieh Governorate in Lebanon. After it reaches Yaroun it is called the Wadi Nahle or Wadi Nalesh and after reaching Debel it is called the Wadi Ayun et Tannour.</p><br>
<p>A Heavy Neolithic archaeological site of the Qaraoun culture was discovered by Paul Bovier-Lapierre west north west of Yaroun and south of Ain Ebel; Lorraine Copeland remarked that "the surface of this valley is literally covered in (worked flint) flakes". Bovier-Lapierre recovered several unpolished and polished axes with one exceptional elongated piece. All sorts of blades, scrapers, discs and other tools were found on the site and were stored with the Saint Joseph University (now the Museum of Lebanese Prehistory). Henri Fleisch determined the collection also included some later Neolithic pieces.</p><br>
<p>The Wallowa County Courthouse is the seat of government for Wallowa County in northeastern Oregon. The courthouse is located in Enterprise, Oregon. It was built in 1909–1910 using locally quarried stone. It is a massive High Victorian structure built of local Bowlby stone. The courthouse was listed on National Register of Historic Places in 2000. Today, the courthouse still houses Wallowa County government offices.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Wallowa County is located in the northeastern corner of Oregon. It is bordered by Union and Umatilla counties to the west, Union and Baker counties to the south, the state of Washington on the north, and Idaho to the east. The county is bordered geographically by the Wallowa Mountains on the south and west, the Grande Ronde River canyon on the north, and the Snake River and Hells Canyon on the east.</p><br>
<p>The first post office in the Wallowa Valley was established in 1874. The first town in the area was Lostine, which was founded in 1875. The town of Joseph was established in 1879. Wallowa County was formally separated from Union County in February 1887, the same year the town of Enterprise was founded. When the county was first formed, Joseph became the interim county seat. However, Enterprise was selected as the permanent county seat of Wallowa County in 1888.</p><br>
<p>Originally, the Wallowa County government rented office space on the second floor of a building on Main Street in Enterprise. In 1898, citizens proposed building a courthouse, but county officials decided it was cheaper to continue renting office space. A decade later, county officials finally decided to build a permanent court building to house county offices. Local citizens contribute $5,000 for construction of the courthouse, but refused to pay until construction reached the second story, ensuring that the courthouse would actually be built as promised by county officials. The contributors also insisted that the total cost of the courthouse be at least $25,000 to ensure the structure would be a well-built landmark for the community.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was designed by Calvin R. Thornton, an architect from La Grande, Oregon. The construction contract was won by S. R. Haworth for $31,300. Haworth began work on the building in January 1909. The plumbing and heating work was done under a separate sub-contractor, costing an additional $4,592. Thornton moved to Enterprise to supervise to the courthouse construction. However, he was killed in December 1909 when he fell from a scaffold at another job site in Enterprise. As a result, he never saw the finished courthouse. In March 1910, a local furniture company was awarded a $3,183 contract to provide furniture, counters, and bar railings to finish the courthouse. The courthouse opened for business on 5 January 1910. However, construction was not actually completed until May of that year.</p><br>
<p>Over the years, minor modifications have been made to the courthouse building. For example, the original boiler was replaced in 1927. In the 1970s, several window air conditioning units were installed. Aluminum storm doors were added to the front and rear entrances in 1981. This was accomplished without altering the original wooden entry doors. A concrete handicap-accessible ramp was also added to rear entrance in 1981. Other changes made over the years include adding partitions and paneling, installing carpet, lowered ceiling, and added fluorescent lights.</p><br>
<p>Because the Wallowa County courthouse is one of the few early 20th century county government building in eastern Oregon that has retained its original character, it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on 14 July 2000. Today, the courthouse is still being used for its original purpose.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The Wallowa County courthouse is an imposing stone structure, built in center of Courthouse Square with the main facade facing west. The courthouse was built in the High Victorian style with massive stone facades on all four sides. The building has some Queen Anne elements, such as multiple roof forms, segmental windows arches, and patterned shingles. The courthouse is three stories high including a usable attic. The courthouse also has a full basement. It has a rectangular footprint measuring 92 ft (east–west) by 76 ft (north–south). The top of the cupola is 65 ft above ground level.</p><br>
<p>There are concrete steps leading up to the front and rear entrances. A concrete wheelchair ramp was added at the east entrance in 1981. Both the front and rear entrances have double doors recessed under an entry arch. The doors have glazed beveled-glass inset windows. There are clear beveled-glass sidelights flanking the entry doors with floral-patterned glass transoms above the each entrance.</p><br>
<p>The basement floor is concrete. The first and second story floors are supported by wood beams with wood sub-floors covered by fir floor boards. The load bearing walls on the first and second floors are brick with a plaster finish. Non-load bearing walls and stairs are wood-frame. The hip-roof is wood-frame except for the roof over the court room which is supported by two massive trusses. The trusses carry a pyramid-shaped coffered ceiling that is currently hidden by a modern suspended ceiling. The portion of the roof visible from the street is covered with asbestos tiles that are a charcoal gray color. Beyond the visible roof is another lesser pitched hip-roof covered with asphalt roofing. The courthouse has a white decorative cornice made of sheet-metal running along the perimeter of the building. The building has three brick chimneys. One chimney is in the center of the roof. The other two are above the east facade on a gabled roof extension. The courthouse cupola is a wood-framed element with sheet metal detailing that crowns the structure. There is round metal finial on top of the cupola.</p><br>
<h2>Interior</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse has a usable basement, two main floors, and an attic. Originally, there were county offices on all four floors. Today, the courthouse continues to serve its original purpose with offices in the basement, first, and second floors while the attic is now used for storage.</p><br>
<p>The basement has a main hallway with stone-walls runs north to south. The basement walls are a finished rough stone. The ceilings are low with exposed mechanical systems visible in the hallway and office spaces. A small bathroom is located at the north end of the hall. Until the 1970s, there was a basement apartment for the courthouse custodian, who maintained the building, stoked the boiler, and cooked for prisoners housed in the county jail. The mechanical room houses an abandon steam boiler along with a new boiler that heats the building through the building&#39;s original radiator system. An exterior stairwell entrance was added in the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>The public entrances to the courthouse are on the first floor. The double doors at the main entrance on the west façade open to a wide hallway that runs the length of the building to double doors at the rear entrance. There is also a north-south hallway that divides the first floor into office quadrants. The hallway ceiling is 10 ft high. A staircase at each end of the north–south leads to the basement and the second floor. All the interior office doors are original except for the sheriff&#39;s office, which has a new steel security door. There are bathrooms at the north and south ends of hall.</p><br>
<p>The northwest quadrant of the first floor houses the county clerks office. The clerks area includes a main office, a research room, and a vault. The northeast quadrant houses the sheriffs office. It includes offices for the sheriff and deputy sheriffs along with a reception area. The northeast corner of the building originally had a womens jail; however, the cells were removed in 1997 and the area was converted into office space. The jail and the treasurers office are located in the southeast quadrant. The original cells remain intact, but are only used to temporary hold prisoners who are being booked or who are making a court appearance. The treasurers office suite includes the treasurers office and a reception area. The southwest quadrant houses offices for the Veterans Administration and the county assessor.</p><br>
<p>The second floor has a single hallway, running north-south. There are offices on the west side of that hall with the countys courtroom and court offices on the east side of the hall. The second floor has a small bathroom at each end of the hall. The offices on the west side of the hall include the county commissioners offices, county administrative offices, the district attorneys offices, a jury room, and a children services office. On the east side of the hall is a large courtroom. The courtroom has a double-door entrance. There are six windows opposite the entrance. An oak balustrade divides the courtroom into two sections, separating the judge, attorneys, and jury from the public seating area. The public area is surrounded by wooden bookshelves. The jury box has 12 oak chairs. The judges and attorneys desks are made of oak, and are original courthouse furnishings. The courtroom originally had a coffered ceiling, but it has been covered by a modern drop-down ceiling. The court offices consist of three interconnected rooms, a reception office, an administrative office, and the judges chambers, which is located on the northeast corner of the building.</p><br>
<p>The stairs to the attic is located at the south end of the second floor hall. The stairway was originally open, but a door was installed in 1981 to control access. The attic was originally used for office space. However, the offices were closed in the 1970s because fire exits were inadequate. The attic is now only used for storage. The attic area above the courtroom houses a massive truss system that supports the courtrooms original coffered ceiling. The attics dormers and windows were built to for their exterior effect, not for interior lighting.</p><br>
<h2>Courthouse Square</h2><br>
<p>Originally, the courthouse was surrounded by deciduous trees, but they were replaced in 1925 with spruce trees. The spruce trees were removed in 1989 after several were damaged during a storm. The spruce trees were replaced by oak, pine, maple, linden, juniper, and flowering crab apple trees. There are roses planted on the north, west, and south sides of the courthouse. There is a 20 x wood-framed gazebo in the northeast corner of Courthouse Square. The gazebo was built in 1986 by the Rotary Club of Wallowa County. It stands on the same location as a gazebo built about 1900. The date the original gazebo was removed is unknown. However, it can be seen in photographs that were taken shortly after the courthouse was built.</p><br>
<p>There are a number of memorials around Courthouse Square. On the northwest corner of the square stands a concrete arch that is dedicated to the early pioneers of Wallowa County, who arrived in the 1870s. The local American Legion post placed the 7,710 kg granite boulder in front of the courthouse in 1925. The bronze plaque mounted on the boulder bears the names of Wallowa County men killed in World War I. In 1985, two more plaques were added to honor those killed during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. A World War I field gun was placed in the square in 1926. However, the gun was melted down during a World War II scrap drive to support the war effort. It was replaced in 1947 with a World War II Howitzer that honors American veterans. A Fountain of Honor honoring all veterans of the United States armed forces was dedicated on 9 July 2011.</p><br>
<p>Risøysundet is a strait between the islands of Andøya and Hinnøya in the Vesterålen archipelago in Norway. It is located in the municipality of Andøy in Nordland county. The 24 km long strait has only one road crossing: the Andøy Bridge as part of the Norwegian County Road 82 connecting the villages of Risøyhamn and Dragnes.</p><br>
<p>The strait flows between the Gavlfjorden/Sortlandssundet in the southwest and the Andfjorden in the northeast. The northeastern end of the strait is naturally very shallow and in low tide the sand bars can be above water. In the 1870s work began to dredge a channel through the strait to allow larger boats to pass. In 1922 a 4.5 km long channel was completed enabling the Hurtigruten to pass through the strait.</p><br>
<p>Alwal Lake is an artificial lake near Hyderabad, India, about 8 kilometers north of Secunderabad. It is situated in Alwal. There were many issues associated with the lake, which made a highly tensed situation for the Alwal Municipality Officials.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The lake is in the heart of Alwal town, located near the secunderabad-Mumbai Railway track. The lake has a very good view from the railway track and also from the Alwal Railway Station. There is a road along the lake which gives the complete and close view of the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Usage</h2><br>
<p>The lake is used for many different purposes. During Ganesh Chaturthi, the Ganesh idols are immersed in the lake. At that time, the road near the lake is facilitated with extra lights and also extra police are posted for controlling the crowd.</p><br>
<p>Many birds and animals reside near the lake, and this provides a very fine view in the evening.</p><br>
<p>The Hominy Hills are a range of low, gravel-capped hills and upland areas located along the boundary of Colts Neck, Howell and Wall Townships, in Monmouth County, New Jersey, and extending east into the Borough of Tinton Falls, formerly part of Shrewsbury Township. The hills attain heights of over 300 feet  in elevation, attaining a maximum elevation of 307 feet  at Throckmorton Hill, which is the highest point in Howell Township.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Hominy Hills extend from west to east, between Freehold and Asbury Park, for a distance of approximately four miles. The greater portion of the range lies within Naval Weapons Station Earle. It forms the divide between the Swimming River to the north, and the Manasquan and Shark Rivers to the south.</p><br>
<p>Following is a list describing the notable summits of the Hominy Hills from west to east; all are entirely within Naval Weapons Station Earle.</p><br>
<p>Throckmorton Hill, or Hominy Hill proper, 307 feet (93.57 meters) high, is located to the west of Guadalcanal Road. Lunga Road climbs this hill, curving around the summit but not attaining it. A fire lookout tower formerly stood on the summit, a water tower stands near the site of the fire tower.</p><br>
<p>Cranberry Hill, 244 feet (74.37 meters), is located southeast of the intersection of Esperance and Macassar roads, it is crossed by a fire road.</p><br>
<p>Huckleberry Hill or Lippincott Hill, also 244 feet (74.37 meters), is located south of Esperance Road and north of Munda Road. The headwaters of the Shark River are to the south of this hill.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>A cuesta, the Hominy Hills are composed of layers of unconsolidated sand, mud, and gravel from the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The topmost geologic layer, the Cohansey Formation, is composed of sand, gravel, and erosion resistant ironstone. This layer forms a hard capstone along the highest summits, protecting more easily weathered underlying geologic layers such as the Kirkwood Formation. The scarp of the cuesta faces north while the gentler dip slope faces south.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The Hominy Hills fall within the Pinelands region, and exhibit both pine dominated and oak dominated forests, as well as intermediate forests. Pitch pine (Pinus rigida) is the most abundant tree. A variety of oaks are also present, including black (Quercus velutina), white (Quercus alba), post (Quercus stellata), chestnut (Quercus prinus), scarlet (Quercus coccinea), and blackjack (Quercus marilandica). These forests tend to be open with widely spaced trees and plenty of sunlight reaching the forest floor.</p><br>
<p>The understory is thick with shrubs, including black huckleberry (Gaylussacia baccata) and early lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium pallidum). Mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia), and sheep laurel (Kalmia angustifolia) are also present. Bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) is abundant.</p><br>
<p>Animals such as whitetailed deer, gray squirrels, red squirrels, chipmunks, red fox as well as a large variety of birds inhabit the hills. Turkey Vultures and Red Tail Hawks are also common.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>As much of the Hominy Hills are within Naval Weapons Station Earle no public recreation areas exist. Hominy Hill Golf Course, operated by the Monmouth County Park System, is actually located in the lowland to the north of the Hominy Hills.</p><br>
<p>The Grafton State School on 6th St., W., in Grafton, North Dakota was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. It includes work dating from 1901. It includes Prairie School, Beaux Arts, and Classical Revival architecture. There were six contributing buildings and one other contributing structure—remnants of tunnels connecting the buildings—included in the 3,427 acre of the listing. It has also been known as the North Dakota Institution for the Feeble Minded.</p><br>
<p>It is significant as representing "the official effort of the State of North Dakota to care for its developmentally disabled citizens during the twentieth century, and... for its association with Dr. A. R. T. Wylie, superintendent</p><br>
<p>during 1910-1933 and a leading figure nationally in the care of the developmentally disabled.&#39; and</p><br>
<p>Renamed the "State Developmental Center" enacted by the North Dakota Legislature in 1989, another piece of legislation enacted at the same time but did not become effective until January 1, 1991 resulted in a further name change, dropping the "State" from the name to "Developmental Center" - or generally known as the "North Dakota Developmental Center". The agency is a division of the North Dakota Department of Human Services and was administratively merged with the North Dakota State Hospital in April, 2000 under a single superintendent, Alex Schweitzer.</p><br>
<p>The 2013 Legislature enacted another name change that was effective August 1, 2013 to "Life Skills and Transition Center" to reflect the changing nature of services by the agency. The 1933 name change, from "Institution for the Feebleminded" to the "Grafton State School", incorporated the educational mission of the agency that was established in the original legislation; the agency opened for residents in May, 1904 and school began in September, 1904.</p><br>
<p>The modern services of the "Life Skills and Transition Center", an agency of the North Dakota Department of Human Services, includes adult Intermediate Care Facility for Individuals with Developmental Disability (ICF/IDD), youth ICF/IDD, Home and Community Based Services in-home and day support services, mobile Adaptive Equipment Services, Developmental Disabilities Behavioral Health Services of behavior analysis consultation, CARES Clinic healthcare services, and the CARES outreach service.</p><br>
<p>Kabo  Island is a small island off the coast of the main island of Mindanao; administratively it is in Surigao del Norte of the Caraga Region of the Mindanao island group of the Philippines. The island is owned by the Calderon Family in Surigao.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Kabo (Kabusgan) Island lies 4.8 km eastward across the bay from Surigao City. The island is irregular in shape elongated along a northeast-southwest line. It rises to an elevation of 33.5 m. On the shore side the mangroves form a brackish intermediate zone with no clear shoreline. On the Hintuan Passage side, the shore is generally clear cut. There is a reef, the Kabo Reef, about a half kilometer north of the island that extends to the northeast and east of the island. Load Island is immediately to the south.</p><br>
<p>Marmaduke Forster House, also known as the Forster-Hobby-Washburn House, is an historic home located in Pleasantville, Westchester County, New York. The original section of the house was built about 1785 by Marmaduke Forster, a colonial carpenter from New York City, as a 1 1/2-story, timber frame dwelling. It was remodeled and enlarged in the 19th century, first about 1840 in the Gothic Revival style and again in 1895 by architect George P. Washburn. This later modification added Queen Anne style elements - an octagonal turret on the front facade and a chateau wing with 20 colored glass panes. The house features a rambling 80-feet verandah with elaborate woodwork. The house was renovated in 2007, and a two-story addition built. Currently it houses small business offices.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>The Evangeline Booth House  is a historic house located at the hamlet of Hartsdale, Westchester County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description and story</h2><br>
<p>It was originally built about 1870, and extensively remodeled and enlarged after acquired by Evangeline Booth (1865-1950) in 1919. It is a 2 1/2-story, "Y"-shaped, fieldstone and half-timbered building. It has a high gable roof with clipped gable ends covered in red "Spanish" tiles. The house is in the Tudor Revival style. It features a large stone chimney, limestone trimmed Tudor-arched entrance, and octagonal stair tower. Additions to the dwelling made by the church include a parish hall and chapel (1955). Also on the property are a contributing carriage house and stone garage. Evangeline Booth resided here until her death in 1950. She donated it to the Salvation Army, who sold it in 1951 to the St. Andrew&#39;s Episcopal Church.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 22, 2011.</p><br>
<p>Rye Meeting House, also known as Milton Mission Chapel, Grace Chapel, and the Friends Meeting House, is a historic Quaker meeting house located at Rye, Westchester County, New York. The property is adjacent to the Bird Homestead. It is a one-story, wood frame building on a stone foundation with two main volumes, a nave and an asymmetrical transept. The exterior is sheathed in clapboard and shingles and exhibits characteristics of the Stick style. The front facade features a 2 1/2-story bell tower. The building was built in the 1830s as a school house. It was moved to its present site in 1867, and enlarged in 1871, 1875, and 1877. At the time, the church was a mission church of nearby Christ&#39;s Church, an Episcopal church. The Quakers obtained the property in 1959. The property was deeded to the city of Rye in 2002.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Annandale Plantation was a historic cotton plantation and Italianate-style plantation house in what is now the Mannsdale neighborhood of Madison, Mississippi. The house was designed and built for Margaret Louisa Thompson Johnstone, the wealthy widow of John T. Johnstone. Completed during the late 1850s, it was destroyed in a fire during the mid-1920s. A replacement, part of a modern residential development, was later built at the site during the mid-20th century.</p><br>
<p>Before the new mansion was built, Mrs. Johnstone commissioned what is known as the Chapel of the Cross, in memory of her late husband. This Gothic Revival-style structure was completed in 1852 on the plantation property. Johnstone deeded it and 10 acres to the Episcopal Diocese. The chapel was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John Taylor Johnstone, born on April 28, 1801, migrated with his family to Mississippi from Hillsborough, North Carolina about 1820. He eventually had total land holdings of 2,600 acre, divided among a number of plantations, and engaged in farming. Through this he accumulated a fortune from the cotton market.</p><br>
<p>The Johnstones had two daughters, Frances Ann and Helen Scrymgeour Johnstone, and two sons, Samuel and Noah Thompson Johnstone. Both sons died in 1840, the same year that the family moved to Mannsdale. Johnstone used part of his fortune to build Ingleside, a family plantation house in the Mannsdale area, for Frances and her husband, as she was his first daughter to marry.</p><br>
<p>After his death, his widow Margaret Johnstone built a chapel and another plantation house, Annandale, on the large plantation property. She donated the chapel and some property to the Episcopal church in her husband&#39;s memory.</p><br>
<p>The first Johnstone home on the Annandale plantation was a large log house. Tradition maintains that Johnstone was descended from the Johnstone family who once held the title Earl of Annandale and Hartfell in the Peerage of Scotland and that he named his plantation in their honor. Frances Johnstone married William J. Britton in 1844. Her father had Ingleside built for the couple as a gift; it was completed in 1846. The Italianate house, with a 180 ft wide front facade, contained eight bedrooms, dressing rooms, a parlor, library, dining room, breakfast room, and an office.</p><br>
<p>John T. Johnstone died on April 23, 1848, leaving Margaret a widow. Prior to building a new house at Annandale, Margaret Johnstone had the masonry Gothic Revival-style Chapel of the Cross, completed in 1852, built in memory of her late husband. Located on the plantation property, it was a quarter of a mile north of the future site of the Annandale mansion. After completion, she transferred ownership of the church and surrounding 10 acre to the newly created Episcopal Diocese of Mississippi. The Chapel was assessed under the Historic American Buildings Survey in the twentieth century and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>A few years later, Mrs. Johnstone hired the architect Jacob Lamour from New York City to design a new mansion for her and her unmarried daughter, Helen. He adapted the design from a plan in Minard Lafever&#39;s Architectural Instructor, published in 1856. Construction of the grand three-story, 40-room mansion in the Italianate mode began in mid-1857 and was completed in 1859. It featured one-story arched arcades that encircled the entire structure and spacious interior hallways, providing abundant shade and ventilation.</p><br>
<p>Helen Johnstone was engaged to be married in 1857 to Henry Grey Vick, descended from the founder of Vicksburg. Their wedding was set for May 21, 1859 but Vick was killed in a duel in Mobile, Alabama on May 17, 1859. Helen later married the Rev. George Carroll Harris, an Episcopal priest, in 1862.</p><br>
<p>During the American Civil War, her mother Margaret Johnstone cared for sick and wounded Confederate soldiers and supplied money and material to the military. Margaret Johnstone died at Annandale on March 16, 1880. The plantation was sold after her death.</p><br>
<p>After many years of George and Helen Johnstone Harris&#39; moving around while he served as an Episcopal priest, the couple built a grand house for their retirement, Mont Helena, in Rolling Fork. Situated atop an ancient platform mound, the two-and-a-half story mansion was built on land left to Helen by her family.</p><br>
<p>The Britton home, Ingleside, burned down in 1906, and Frances Johnstone Britton died on March 24, 1907. Her sister Helen Johnstone Harris died on November 19, 1917. The Annandale mansion, then unoccupied, was destroyed in a fire on September 9, 1924. A Classical Revival-style replacement is at the site of the former mansion.</p><br>
<p>The former 560 acre plantation is now divided between two communities, Annandale Estates on the west side of Mannsdale Road and Reunion on the east. As golfing communities each has its own golf club, also on the former plantation lands, known as the Annandale Golf Club and the Reunion Golf and Country Club.</p><br>
<h2>Folklore</h2><br>
<p>Annandale Plantation has two ghost stories associated with it that have been published in at least two books. One, the "The Ghosts of Annandale", in Jeffrey Introduces 13 More Southern Ghosts by Kathryn Tucker Windham details the supposed hauntings. One ghost is claimed in the story to be that of Annie Devlin, a former governess for Helen who died at the Annandale mansion in June 1860 and was purported to haunt its halls until the night it burned in 1924. The other is reportedly that of Helen Johnstone. The story claims that the ghost of Helen now weeps at the grave of Henry Vick, her former fiancé, in the churchyard of the Chapel of the Cross.</p><br>
<p>Presbyterian Rest for Convalescents, also known as the Y.W.C.A. of White Plains and Central Westchester, is a historic convalescent home located at White Plains, Westchester County, New York. It was built in 1913, and is a 3 1/2-story, "H"-shaped building in the Tudor Revival style. The two lower stories are in brick and the upper stories in half-timbering and stucco. It has a tiled gable roof with dormer windows. The section connecting the two wings includes the main entrance, which features stone facing and Tudor arches. The connected Acheson Wallace Hall was built in 1972. The building housed a convalescent home until 1967, after which it was acquired by the Y.W.C.A. and operated as a residence for women.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Gold Seal Winery is a historic winery complex located near Hammondsport in Steuben County, New York. The primary building on the complex is in the Italianate style and constructed in 1865. It is a three-story, 54 feet by 110 feet, stone structure built into a hillside. It features a bell tower, gable roof with dormers, stuccoed upper stories, and barrel vaults. The original building was enlarged on at least six occasions. A long, narrow stone addition  was built in 1890 and expanded in 1903-1903 with a mansard roof in the Second Empire style. Another major addition was built in 1884 and expanded in 1887. It included a champagne fluting room, an additional storage vault, and tasting porch. A 54 feet by 109 feet addition of reinforced concrete was built in 1912. Other contributing buildings are the Pornace House  and brandy distillery .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Urbana Wine Company is four miles north of the village of Hammondsport, in the town of Urbana.</p><br>
<p>The winery was established in 1865, and known as the Urbana Wine Company until 1881 when it was reorganized under the name of "New Urbana Wine Company". The company was renamed the "Urbana Wine Company" in 1896, and the company reorganized after the Volstead Act was ratified as the Amendment outlawing drinking alcohol. The company then was renamed the Gold Seal Products Company until the repeal of Prohibition, when the company changed its name back to "Urbana Wine Company, Inc." During Prohibition the company produced sacramental wine. The company applied for the Gold Seal trademark in 1887. After Prohibition, Edwin Stewart Underhill, Jr., President of the company went to Rheims, France and brought Charles Fournier, from Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin, where he served as Production Manager. He became the winemaker and production manager of Urbana Wine Company, and although intending to stay just a few years, remained employed there the rest of his life. He introduced several important French-American Hybrid grape varieties into the production of wine. He was made president of the company in 1951. The company was known for introducing the European Vitis vinifera grape to the United States and for its production of Finger Lakes champagne. Fournier brought Dr. Frank to help advance the effort to grow traditional European grapes in the Finger Lakes, and they brought native American rootstock from Quebec to plant and graft with the European grapes in the Finger Lakes. These innovations proved visionary. They allowed grapes to grow in a cool climate, and to be resistant to the common phylloxtera louse, which decimated vineyards worldwide. In the 1950s, Dr. Konstantin Frank was a consultant to the winery and established a vitis vinifera grape nursery. He remained with the company until establishing his own winery in 1962. The Urbana Wine Company was renamed the "Gold Seal Vineyards, Inc." in 1957 and it later was sold to Joseph E. Seagram & Sons in 1979, then to Coca-Cola, Inc., and then to Vitners International owner of the Canandaigua Wine Company which was later renamed "Constellation Brands". The winery closed in May 1984 however some brands are still made with the Gold Seal name which is trademarked by Pleasant Valley Wine Company. The buildings and some acreage were sold to Linda & John Giglio in the first decade of the 21st century, and their effort to "restore" the properties began. Many wooden casks were sold and all the large stainless steel tanks used in wine production were removed. The new owners are about to begin a bright new chapter in the restoration of the building, removing several cinder-block additions of more recent years. Hopefully the beauty of the original structure will again be seen, and the winery, which once was the Most Picturesque Winery will again be celebrated in a new incarnation.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in late November 2010.</p><br>
<p>Young Memorial Church, also known as Brier Hill Congregational Church, is a historic Congregational church in the hamlet of Brier Hill in Morristown, St. Lawrence County, New York. It was built in 1907-1908, and is a one-story, stone and wood shingled church building in the Arts and Crafts style. It features a steeply pitched gable roof, tall stone chimney, opaque art glass windows by Harry James Horwood, and central two-story square tower with a crenelated top.</p><br>
<p>The church building housed a Congregational church until the 1950s. Subsequently it was used by a Baptist congregation until 1985. As of 2010, it had not been used since the Baptist group left.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Andfjorden is a fjord on the border of Nordland and Troms counties in Norway. It primarily flows between the large islands of Andøya and Senja. Grytøya and the smaller islands Bjarkøya and Krøttøya are located in the fjord. The main crossing is via the Andenes–Gryllefjord Ferry between Andøy and Torsken municipalities.</p><br>
<p>The fjord is about 60 km long, has a maximum width of 30 km, and has a maximum depth of 517 m which makes it a rich feeding ground for Sperm whales and Killer whales. Whale safaris are run from Andenes and from Krøttøya.</p><br>
<p>Several other fjords branch off the Andfjorden including the Kvæfjorden, Godfjorden, and the Vågsfjorden.</p><br>
<p>At the tiny Steinavær islands in the Andfjorden, there is a large coral reef.</p><br>
<p>Ginn&#39;s Furniture Store is a historic commercial building in downtown Milton, Kentucky, United States. Built in the late nineteenth century, it has endured several major floods.</p><br>
<h2>Historic context</h2><br>
<p>Milton and the surrounding portions of Trimble County are a hilly region located along the Ohio River. The areas first settlers arrived in 1785, when it was still part of Virginia, and Milton was incorporated four years later. River commerce was always an important part of the local economy: across the river from Milton is the city of Madison, which was an early commercial center for Indiana, and a river ferry between the two settlements was started in 1804. The two cities have been connected by the Milton-Madison Bridge since 1929. By the middle of the 19th century, Miltons prosperity was evident in its business community, which included a factory, two blacksmith shops, a hotel, and several grocery stores. After the Civil War, economic growth was handicapped: the rise of rail transportation led to a decline in river traffic, and combined with the absence of a railroad in Trimble County, this led to economic weakness, including the closure of a Milton distillery that was the county&#39;s only industry.</p><br>
<p>Despite their economic hardships, Milton residents erected a surprising number of new buildings during the late nineteenth century. Their new construction was typically vernacular in style, in contrast to the high Greek Revival style that was popular before the Civil War. Unlike in previous decades, this periods new buildings often employed various small decorations, many of which were prefabricated; Ginns Furniture is typical of this style, featuring small elements such as ornamentation on the windows and a cornice with brackets. Unfortunately, most of Milton&#39;s historic architecture has not survived to the present. Significant floods inundated the city repeatedly in the late nineteenth century, and almost everything in its downtown was destroyed.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Ginn&#39;s Furniture was erected on an unknown date in the last quarter of the 19th century. Built of brick on a foundation of limestone, it is one of just two historic brick commercial buildings to have survived to the present day in Milton. The two-story facade is six bays wide and features many large windows on both stories situated between limestone lintels, while the sides are divided into eight bays. Individuals may enter the building through either of two entrances in the facade or through three doors on the side; the latter are equipped with sidelights. The entire building is covered by a hip roof, which is pierced by a chimney near each end. Inside, the most impressive element is a pressed tin ceiling, which is original to the building.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1980s, Kentucky Heritage Council officials travelled throughout Trimble County to conduct a survey of its older buildings for historic preservation purposes. As a result of the survey, thirty-three buildings and one historic district in the county were nominated to the National Register of Historic Places as part of a multiple property submission, and all but one of them were added to the Register in 1983 and 1984. By that time, just six pre-1937 commercial buildings in the downtown were still in existence, including Ginns Furniture Store. Accordingly, it was one of the buildings listed on the National Register in 1983, due largely to its place as a rare survivor among the earlier buildings in Miltons floodplain zone. Moreover, it was deemed to be the area&#39;s most significant building from an architectural point of view — not just downtown, but citywide.</p><br>
<p>The Temple of Amun is an archaeological site at Jebel Barkal in Northern State, Sudan. It is situated about 400 km north of Khartoum near Karima. The temple stands near a large bend of the Nile River, in the region that was called Nubia in ancient times. The Temple of Amun, one of the larger temples at Jebel Barkal, is considered sacred to the local population. Not only was the Amun temple a main centre of what at one time was considered to be an almost universal religion, but, along with the other archaeological sites at Jebel Barkal, it was representative of the revival of Egyptian religious values. Up to the middle of the 19th century, the temple was subjected to vandalism, destruction, and indiscriminate plundering, before it came under state protection.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Construction of the temple occurred in the 13th century BC. The temple&#39;s foundation probably occurred during the reign of Thutmose III, while the temple was shaped during his reign and that of Ramses II. Although early Meroe rulers had their own capital, government officials took a coronation journey to the Amun Temple of Jebel Barkal. Here, the king went into the Holy of Holies, where he was confirmed as king by a divine oracle. In the years 25/24 BC, the Romans invaded Nubia during a campaign against the Kushites led by Gaius Petronius. He destroyed the temple and took Jebel Barkal from one of the Kandakes; however, the Romans were unable to make permanent gains and withdrew after razing Napata to the ground. The last large-scale construction works were by the Kushite king Natakamani, who restored some of the Roman destruction, enlarged the temple complex, and renovated the first pylon and other parts of the temple.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and fittings</h2><br>
<p>The original temple was relatively small, consisting of one pylon and a courtyard with ten columns. During the Nineteenth Dynasty reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II, the structure included the Second and Third Pylons, a hypostyle court, a hall with annexes, a chapel, and a pronaos and naos complex. Additions included a second temple behind a pylon, another courtyard, probably without pillars, and several chapels.</p><br>
<p>A notable temple renovation and enlargement, attributed to Piye, occurred in three stages. First, the old temple was strengthened by a wall and another small portico. For the second step, a large hall with 50 columns, was built. Only the pillars, foundation walls and entrances were made of sandstone, the remaining walls were of unbaked bricks. Lastly, Piye built a large farm, which was also decorated with columns. The court and the portico each had its own pylon. The whole temple complex became over 150 m long. North of the First Pylon, a cache of statues was excavated, which included the headless statue of Tantamani (known also by his Amon name, "Tenutamon"), Taharqa&#39;s successor.</p><br>
<p>Many rulers built additional stele, decorated walls or put up statues in the temple. As the religious center was important to both Egyptians and Nubians, Thutmose III stele contains the inscription, "Home of Amun and the Throne of the Two Lands&quot found at the Amun temple, it is now at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. There are stelea attributed to Horemheb and Seti I. Taharqa built ten colossal figures. Tantamani erected a small shrine in the portico. In the first courtyard, there are pillars attributed to Piye and Harsiotef.</p><br>
<p>The Château Louis XIV is a château constructed between 2008 and 2011 in the commune of Louveciennes in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region.</p><br>
<p>The chateau was built by the property developer Emad Khashoggis property development company COGEMAD using traditional craftsmanship techniques and materials. Located between Versailles and Marly-le-Roi on a 23-hectare (57-acre) walled site, the property is surrounded by moats and has a constructed surface area of 7,000 m (75,350 ft), 5,000 m (53,800 ft) of which are living space. The property pays various tributes to Louis XIV of France, Frances Sun King and stands on a land which once formed part of the Versailles estate.</p><br>
<p>Khashoggi had previously restored the Palais Rose in Le Vésinet and the Château du Verduron in Marly-le-Roi. The Chateau Louis XIV was built on the site of the former Chateau du Camp in Louveciennes, with the aim of building a modern house, with automated hi-tech controls incorporated within a 17th-century aspect, layout, and materials.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, Kim Kardashian scouted the Chateau Louis XIV as a possible wedding venue.</p><br>
<p>The chateau was sold to an unidentified individual from the Middle East for $301,000,000 ($ as of ), setting a world record price for a residential property.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the late 17th century, the property where the current Château Louis XIV was built consisted of several plots of land, chestnut groves and woodland. In the early 18th century, the royal regiment was in charge of participating in a major excavation project in Marly-le-Roi. They thus decided to set up camp in an existing clearing on these very plots of land.</p><br>
<p>During this period, Louis XIV decided to build a palace in Marly-le-Roi nestled in a lush green setting; a place where he would regularly go to find the peace and quiet that he lacked in Versailles.</p><br>
<p>Later, the Swiss Guards, assigned to ensure the security of the Château de Marly, set up their camp on the property. Also known as the “Royal Regiment Camp” or the “Marly Camp,” the camp disappeared in the mid 18th century, and the Château de Marly suffered in the French Revolution.</p><br>
<p>In 1797, during a settlement, the camp and land that were part of the property were sold to Françoise-Suzanne Guyhon Monthaut who, in turn, sold them to the Vicomte and his wife in 1805. The Vicomte Charles-Louis Terray de Morel-Vindé, counselor at the royal court in Paris, inherited the property following the death of his grandfather in 1842, and sold it in 1848 to Jean-Pierre Blondi and Adélaïde Halguin, who had the first house and outbuildings built on the property.</p><br>
<p>The camp property became a large farm. Here, a cavalry regiment and several military companies would sometimes set up camp in what was then called “The camp farm” until 1863, when Dr Duborgia, mayor of Bougival, purchased and expanded the property.</p><br>
<p>In 1888, Charles-Emile Clerc, the new owner following the death of Duborgia, undertook the demolition of the initial buildings which, over the years, had only undergone a few scarcely noticeable changes. Having acquired several plots of land, Charles-Emile Clerc was able to expand the property, which he transformed into a residential domain with a large house surrounded by extensive wooded grounds.</p><br>
<p>The property remained in the family for over a century. During this time, it underwent a few modifications such as the addition of a stable, a caretaker’s house and a number of paths, before eventually being sold to a French couple in 1991. This would then give way to a succession of owners, until the site&#39;s purchase and rebuilding by Khashoggi.</p><br>
<h3>COGEMAD</h3><br>
<p>The Saudi-born French property developer Emad Khashoggi demolished the building and constructed a new house, built with respect to 17th-century craft traditions. Khashoggi was pleased to see craftsmen with traditional skills work in harmony among state-of-the-art technicians. In an interview with Connaissance des Arts, he explained that he wanted to “give rise to a ‘new structure,’ for which one is able to create sustainable projects that will make their mark in the future as well as in the heritage of a region, a country.”</p><br>
<p>For the construction of the Château Louis XIV his company, Cogemad, employed an average of 120 workers every day, and included artisans such as: sculptors, mosaic artisans, painters, gilders, iron craftsmen, cabinetmakers, marble masons, landscapers, fibrous plasterers, clockmakers, bronze casting artisans, roofers, carpenters and coppersmiths. This sumptuously decorated residence boasts, among others, two master suites, several guest suites, numerous reception halls, two custom-made artisanal kitchens, a floor designed for recreational activities, an underwater room built in the heart of the moats – the only one of its kind in Europe – a movie theater, a wine cellar, etc.</p><br>
<p>The reception hall on the ground floor has pride of place in the rotunda drawing room, which is crowned with a ceiling painted in trompe-l’œil. It was inspired by the fresco conceived by Charles Le Brun for the Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte, and took master painters several months to create. This, in addition to the Apollo Fountain in the gardens, is one of the centerpieces of the château.</p><br>
<h2>The trades and the artisans</h2><br>
<p>Numerous companies certified as Living Heritage Artisans and Companies took part in this project, which enabled them to train new craftsmen. The construction project brought together several age-old trades, which produced the following key works:</p><br>
<h3>Stonemasonry</h3><br>
<p>860 m (30,370 ft) of massive natural stone divided as follows:</p><br>
<p>80 m (2,800 ft) of Lanvignes limestone</p><br>
<p>175 m (6,000 ft) of fine Saint-Maximin limestone</p><br>
<p>605 m (21,300 ft) of fine Saint-Maximin limestone</p><br>
<p>They were used to make balusters, sculpted tables, fire pots and capitals for sculpted pilasters.</p><br>
<p>On display in the château’s Garden à la française is a stone-sculpted reproduction of the Chariot of Apollo from the fountain in Versailles. The smaller-scale copy of this sculpted group, designed for the king’s gardens by the artist Jean-Baptiste Tuby, retained the proportions and details of the original. It was then gilded in gold-leaf.</p><br>
<h3>Marble</h3><br>
<p>The marble was crafted in various styles: delicate marquetry for the floors, mosaics for the garden level, book matched in the bathrooms, sculpted for the monumental statue of Louis XIV and molded for the Grand Siècle-style fireplaces.</p><br>
<p>List of marbles used and their place of origin:</p><br>
<p>Black Saint-Laurent: Hérault - France</p><br>
<p>Yellow Sienna: Tuscany - Italy</p><br>
<p>Antique Green: Aosta Valley - Italy</p><br>
<p>Cherry Red: Belgium</p><br>
<p>Collemandina Marble: Tuscany - Italy</p><br>
<p>Salome Marble: Turkey</p><br>
<p>Red Levante Marble: Liguria - Italy</p><br>
<p>Macauba Quarzite: Brazil</p><br>
<p>Pink Alpinina: Portugal</p><br>
<p>Moonstone: Brazil</p><br>
<p>Pink onyx: Iran</p><br>
<p>Rouge de France: Hérault - France</p><br>
<p>Calacatta Topazio: Tuscany - Italy</p><br>
<p>Bamboo Green: Brazil</p><br>
<h3>Cabinetmaking and joinery</h3><br>
<p>Many 17th-century decorations sculpted in wood embellish the interior. One of the centerpieces is found on the monumental entrance door sculpted entirely by hand in oak in high relief, and projects out by 17 cm (6.6 in). It depicts the Sun God on horse-back as a Roman Emperor crowned by Victory. This work was inspired by a model from the War Room at the Château de Versailles.</p><br>
<h3>Clock-making</h3><br>
<p>For the façade of the château, Emad Khashoggi commissioned clock-makers to create a genuine monumental bronze and enamel clock identical to the one on the façade of the Château de Versailles.</p><br>
<h3>Painting and decor</h3><br>
<p>Several of the ceilings in the reception halls and master suites depict themes that were dear to Louis XIV, and which are also often seen in Versailles. For instance, the imposing painted ceiling of the cupola in the main drawing room was influenced by an Allégoire de l’Aurore project that was conceived by Charles Le Brun for the Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte, but which never came to fruition.</p><br>
<h3>Bronze casting</h3><br>
<p>Works include the creation of 17th-century lamps and decorative hardware inspired by numerous archives from the History of France, notably from the 17th century under the reign of Louis XIV.</p><br>
<h3>Iron-working</h3><br>
<p>Works include numerous handmade curved banisters and balustrades reproduced from17th-century spirals and motifs. These assemblages are always created using tenons, mortises or pegs, without the slightest trace of welding, according to the finest French tradition.</p><br>
<h3>Framework</h3><br>
<p>A traditional frame was constructed for the dome, which was assembled the old-fashioned way using a system of tenons and mortises.</p><br>
<h3>Roofing</h3><br>
<p>In keeping with age-old techniques, the roofers hand-crafted the slate roof from Angers. The roof also boasts fire pots sculpted in stone and gilded metal spikes on the roof’s ridge beam.</p><br>
<h3>Gardens</h3><br>
<p>The Château Louis XIV, nestled in an authentic lush green setting, is consistent with the standards of the 17th century, and its parks and gardens are no exception. In line with André Le Nôtre’s theories for the Château de Versailles and the Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte, the grounds pay tribute to the French-style gardens. It boasts flower beds and embroidered box hedges, plays on perspective, topiary yew trees clipped into small pyramids, a tree-lined labyrinth, a small farmhouse with goats, a vegetable garden, stables and even an English-style garden on the lower level, all in keeping with the natural outlines of the property where the château is located.</p><br>
<p>The Jennie Foley Building, also known as the Jennie Foley-Victor A. Arrigo Building, is a historic commercial and residential building located at 626-628 S. Racine Ave. in Chicago, Illinois. Built in 1889, the four-story building has a storefront on its first floor and six apartments on its upper stories. The brick buildings design features hexagonal bay windows, a metal cornice decorated with scrolls and dentils, and belt courses between floors on the east facade. The building was one of many hybrid commercial and residential buildings constructed in the area, the center of Chicagos Sicilian community in the early twentieth century, though most such buildings have since been demolished. In 1910, the parents of prominent Chicago lawyer and politician Victor A. Arrigo purchased the building; Arrigo lived in the building until his death in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 19, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Col du Bonhomme  is a mountain pass in the Vosges Mountains of France. The pass connects Kaysersberg  with Saint-Dié-des-Vosges   and is also crossed by the Route des Crêtes . The pass takes its name from the nearby village of Le Bonhomme, 6 km to the east.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Between 1871 and 1918, the pass was a border crossing between Lorraine (France) and Alsace, which had been ceded to Germany under the Treaty of Frankfurt. A stone marking the former border is situated 100 m south of the pass on D148 (Route des Crêtes).</p><br>
<p>During World War I, the pass was the scene of fighting between French and German soldiers. On 8 September 1914, the commander of the French 41st Infantry Division, 69-year-old General Bataille, and six of his men were killed in a German artillery attack. A memorial to the General and his men stands at the pass.</p><br>
<h2>Details of climbs</h2><br>
<p>From the east, the climb starts at Ammerschwihr, passing through Kaysersberg and Le Bonhomme en route. From this direction, the total ascent is 22.1 km long climbing 714 m at an average gradient of 3.2%, with a maximum of 7.4%.</p><br>
<p>From the west, the climb starts at Saulcy-sur-Meurthe passing through Fraize. This climb is 20.0 km long, at an average gradient of 2.8%, climbing 564 m. The maximum gradient is 6.5%.</p><br>
<p>The pass can also be reached from Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines via the Route des Crêtes (D48), passing Col des Bagenelles (903 m) and Col du Pré de Raves (1,005 m) en route, with the highest point reached at 1,062 m, 3.5 km before the Col du Bonhomme. The total distance is 18.4 km gaining 589 m in height at an average gradient of 3.2%. The central section, the last 7 km before the Col du Pré de Raves averages 6.5%.</p><br>
<h2>Tour de France</h2><br>
<p>The climb over the pass has been used in the Tour de France cycle race, the first time being on the penultimate stage of the 1949 tour, an individual mountain time trial won by Fausto Coppi.</p><br>
<p>The Fargo Oak Grove Residential Historic District is a historic district located around North and South Terrace Avenues near downtown Fargo, North Dakota. The homes date from the period 1895 to 1952 and include working-class, gable-fronted cottages and vernacular bungalows." The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>According to the State Historical Society of North Dakota, the district "has a tangible cohesiveness in the scale, density, material character, and landscape treatment that unifies this neighborhood."</p><br>
<p>Most of the Oak Grove neighborhood was flooded with several feet of water from the Red River in the spring of 1997. The area was flooded again in the spring of 2009.</p><br>
<p>Lincoln Place Apartment Homes is a historic apartment community owned by a subsidiary of Apartment Investment and Management Co. . Inspired by the garden city movement, it is located at 1050 Frederick Street on a 35-acre site in the Venice community of Los Angeles, one mile east of Venice Beach. Built from 1949-1951, the property is just off Lincoln Boulevard, bound by Lake Street and Penmar Avenue with Elkgrove Avenue and Elkgrove Circle within its interior.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lincoln Place Apartment Homes is an example of World War II- work force housing, financed under Section 608 Title VI of the National Housing Act of 1934. The community was originally built to house veterans returning from the War.</p><br>
<h3>Housing Shortage</h3><br>
<p>The passage of the G.I. Bill at end of World War II caused a housing shortage in the United States, with low- to middle-income families finding few rental property options. The Santa Monica Bay area was especially affected as the opening of Douglas Aircraft’s plant in 1940 and the Los Angeles Airport in 1947 led to an increase in housing demand. To combat the housing issue, the Federal Housing Authority (FHA) “created a mortgage insurance program, whose low cost of lending and liberal valuation of land would encourage developers to meet this housing need.”</p><br>
<p>Ralph A. Vaughn (1907-2000), an architect trained at the University of Illinois, was the son of a prominent Washington D.C. architect, Roscoe I. Vaughn. Upon meeting Heth Wharton, they formed Wharton & Vaughn Associates, and were tasked with designing Lincoln Place.</p><br>
<p>Between 1951 and 1986, Lincoln Place was family-owned.In 1986, Lincoln Place was purchased by TransAction Companies, Ltd with Robert Bisno and James Coxeter as the two main partners.</p><br>
<p>In 1990, Bisno announced a plan to raze Lincoln Place and develop condos on the site; however in 1996, the LA City Council rejected the development plan which resulted in Bisno filing suit against the city.</p><br>
<p>In June 2001, Aimco became a 50% partner in Lincoln Place; and in August 2003, Aimco Venezia LLC, an Aimco affiliate became 100% owner of Lincoln Place Apartment Homes.</p><br>
<h2>Controversy</h2><br>
<p>In September 2000, Bisno began a revised development plan which was to include the demolition of 2 buildings and the rehabilitation of the remaining 50. Approximately 300 families moved out of Lincoln Place during this time with vacant units taken off of the rental market.</p><br>
<p>In May 2002, Amanda Seward working with the Modern Committee of the LA Conservancy filed a nomination for Lincoln Place to be added to the National Register of Historic Places. In November of that same year, the City Council re-heard Bisno’s condo proposal. Finding that there was “no substantial evidence” that Lincoln Place was an historic resource, Bisno’s plan was approved. This sparked a lawsuit against the city by the Lincoln Place Tenants Association.</p><br>
<p>Bisno filed applications in January 2003 for five demolition permits but was rejected. He filed a suit against the Department of Building and Safety requesting permits under the Ellis Act. However, in February 2003, the State Historic Resources Commission determined Lincoln Place was eligible for the National Register. The commission forwarded the nomination and recommendation to the Keeper of the National Register, at which time the file was open for 45 days. During these 45 days, Bisno demolished two buildings. The Keeper returned the nomination asking for additional information.</p><br>
<p>In May 2003, permits were issued for five buildings along Lake Street. Several groups, including the California Preservation Foundation, LA Conservancy and the National Organization of Minority Architects filed suit against the City, citing the California Environmental Quality Act and the LA Municipal Code. They also unsuccessfully appealed the demolition permits with the Building and Safety Commission. A total of 99 units were demolished.</p><br>
<p>In November of that year, the LPTA lost its suit against the City; and in January the preservationists lost their case in trial court. Both groups appealed.</p><br>
<p>In March 2004, Aimco began asbestos work related to redevelopment of the property.In July 2004, Amanda Seward submitted a nomination requesting that Lincoln Place be deemed eligible for the California Register of Historic Places. In March, 2004 the Court of Appeal issued an order to prevent further demolition of structures at Lincoln Place.</p><br>
<p>From 2004 to 2006 Aimco relocated tenants in more than 250 units while providing alternative housing and relocation benefits. A number of tenants were able to become first time homebuyers as a result of receiving relocation benefits. In March 2005 Aimco filed a “Notice of Intent to Withdraw” the apartments from the rental market as permitted by the California Ellis Act. Tenants in 289 occupied units were served notices requiring tenants to vacate units within 120 days.</p><br>
<p>Evicted tenants filed a lawsuit, claiming that “Aimco violated conditions of the California Environmental Quality Act as well as an agreement with the city of L.A. to relocate tenants to other units or properties instead of evicting them.” The Second District Court of Appeals eventually ruled in the tenants’ favor. Of the 147 households engaged in the legal battles, many accepted relocation packages (including funds for moving expenses) offered by Aimco.</p><br>
<h2>Resolution</h2><br>
<h3>Historic designation</h3><br>
<p>On August 4, 2005, the California State Historical Resources Commission declared that Lincoln Place was eligible to be placed on the California Register of Historical Resources. According to the Commission, Lincoln Place exemplified an "excellent enduring example of both the garden city property type and of Modernist architecture." In addition, the Commission cited the unique site plan and observed that it was one of few surviving prominent examples of postwar middle-income residential architecture. Subsequently, Aimco applied to the National Park Service to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places. This listing was granted in December 2015.</p><br>
<h3>Settlement</h3><br>
<p>In May 2009, Aimco signed a settlement agreement with Amanda Seward and the 20th Century Architectural Alliance which settled and concluded all claims concerning Lincoln Place. The agreement requires that the Secretary of Interior’s standards be followed for historic rehabilitation at Lincoln Place. A total of 696 units will be restored and 99 new units are to be constructed on vacant lots. In August, 2009 Aimco signed a settlement agreement with the former occupants of the site which allows up to 83 former tenants to return to Lincoln Place. 50 exercised their option to return.</p><br>
<p>In May 2010, the Los Angeles City Council approved a settlement reached between Aimco and the City which settled and concluded all claims in connection with Lincoln Place. The agreement includes City cooperation for permitting and support for funding to make Lincoln Place a model of sustainability and historic preservation.</p><br>
<p>The Gurktal Alps  are a mountain range of the Central Eastern Alps in Austria, named after the valley of the Gurk River.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Location</h3><br>
<p>The range is located between the Mur Valley in the north, separating it from the Niedere Tauern, and the Drava in the south, where it borders on the Gailtal Alps and Karavanke ranges of the Southern Limestone Alps. In the west, the Gurktal Alps reach up to the Katschberg Pass and the Ankogel Group of the Hohe Tauern range. In the east, the Neumarkt Pass in Upper Styria separates it from the adjacent Lavanttal Alps.</p><br>
<h3>Subdivisions</h3><br>
<p>The Gurktal Alps may be divided into five subgroups:</p><br>
<p>The Nock Mountains lie between the Liesertal and Flattnitzer Höhe. Their highest peak is the Eisenhut (2,441 m).</p><br>
<p>The Metnitz Mountains lie between the Mur and Metnitz valleys. Their highest point is the Goldachnock (2,171 m).</p><br>
<p>The Mödring Chain lies between the Metnitz and Gurktal valleys. Its highest point is the Dorferecken (1,726 m)</p><br>
<p>The Wimitz Mountains lie between the Gurk and Glan valleys through which flows the Wimitz river. Their highest peaks are the Schneebauerberg and the Hocheck (both 1,338 m)</p><br>
<p>At the southern end of the Gurktal Alps is the Klagenfurt Basin. Here there are seven more smaller mountain chains:</p><br>
<p>Magdalensberg (Lippekogel, 1,079 m)</p><br>
<p>Ossiach Tauern (Taubenbühel 1,069 m)</p><br>
<p>Glantal Highlands (Ulrichsberg, 1,022 m)</p><br>
<p>Sattnitz (Tanzboden, 929 m)</p><br>
<p>Feldkirchen-Moosburg Upland (Freudenberg, 817 m)</p><br>
<p>St. Veit Upland (Buchberg, 808 m)</p><br>
<p>Maria Saal Upland (Maria Saaler Berg, 746 m)</p><br>
<p>Occasionally the Gurktal Alps, along with the Lavanttal Alps to the east, are classified as part of the Noric Alps, but that is not geologically justified.</p><br>
<h3>Peaks</h3><br>
<p>The highest peaks are located within the Nock Mountains (Nockberge, from Nock meaning "rounded hilltop", cf. Nockerl) subgroup west of Flattnitz Pass, including Mt. Eisenhut, 2,441 m, in Styria. The Nationalpark Nockberge along the scenic Nockalm Road in Carinthia since 1987 is a protected landscape area (IUCN V). The Nock Mountains also stretch down to major Carinthian lakes like Millstätter See and Ossiacher See.</p><br>
<h2>Economy and tourism</h2><br>
<p>The gentle landscape with its numerous mountain pastures had been the site of transhumance agriculture since ancient times. The Gurktal Alps were also a mining area for iron and silver, still magnesite deposits are exploited near Radenthein.</p><br>
<p>Today tourism is the most important economic sector. The valleys of the Gurktal Alps cater for tourists in summer and for the busy winter season. The leading tourist area is Bad Kleinkirchheim, then Turracher Höhe (Predlitz-Turrach and Reichenau), Falkert (Reichenau) and Innerkrems (Krems in Kärnten), Flattnitz, Afritz and Katschberg (Rennweg am Katschberg). The largest ski areas are Katschberg-Aineck, Innerkrems-Schönfeld-Karneralm, Turracher Höhe and Gerlitzen in the Nock Mountains and Kreischberg in the Metnitz Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The region of the Nock Mountains is alsl well known for its healing spas. The Karlbad along the Nockalmstraße is the oldest farmers healing spring in Austria. The way in which the baths are made (with spring water and hot rocks), has remained unchanged since the 17th century. Their remote location means there is also no electricity. The name of the spa is derived from the little cirque (Karl from Kar, cirque).</p><br>
<p>Zion Lutheran Church, also known as the Zion Church of the City of Baltimore , is a historic Evangelical Lutheran church located in downtown Baltimore, Maryland, United States, founded 1755.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation was founded in 1755 in order to serve the needs of Lutheran immigrants from Germany, as well as Germans from Pennsylvania who moved to Baltimore. It has a bilingual congregation that provides sermons in both German and English. In 1762 the congregation built its first church on Fish Street (later East Fayette Street). By 1773, a new church constitution had replaced the church&#39;s earlier core document, and eventually, the 1672 structure was also replaced by a bigger building, the current Zion Church on North Gay Street, erected from 1807 to 1808 in a Gothic style. An additional expansion of the church to the west along East Lexington Street to North Holliday Street composed of an "Adlersaal" (Parish House), bell tower, parsonage and an enclosed garden designed of Hanseatic North German architecture was constructed under Rev. Julius K. Hoffman in 1912-1913. In the late 1920s, the entire block south of the church was razed to form a monumental square (known as War Memorial Plaza or, less frequently, as "City Hall Plaza") opposite the Baltimore City Hall of 1875 on the western side and construction at the eastern end of the War Memorial Building with an auditorium, historical exhibit area and veterans organizations offices. On the south side of the church buildings facing the plaza, a new headquarters for the Baltimore City Fire Department was constructed in a Georgian-Federal style complementing the original Zion Church around the corner.</p><br>
<p>German-language sermons have been provided for over 250 years at Zion Church, the only church left in Maryland still holding weekly German-language services. The church participates in the annual Maryland German Festival and is a member of the German-American Citizens Association of Maryland.</p><br>
<p>Zion Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>People</h2><br>
<p>The composer George Frederick Boyle was married at the church.</p><br>
<p>Allmendingen Castle  is a castle in the municipality of Allmendingen of the canton of Bern in Switzerland.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original Allmendingen Castle was built during the High Middle Ages probably for the Lords of Allmendingen or Alwandingen. Between 1239 and 1256 Rudolf von Alwandingen was mentioned in the record. In 1256 the Lords of Allmendingen sold both Allmendingen and the neighboring hamlet of Märchligen to Interlaken Abbey. The castle fell into disrepair and during the 16th century the cartographer Thomas Schöpf referred to it as a arx disruta or broken castle. In 1676 Albrecht Kauws mentioned the ruins of Alt-Allmendingen Castle and by 1729 the ruins were still visible. The old castle had walls that were about 2.1 m and was a square with 9 m long walls. The south and west side had no windows.</p><br>
<p>After the Protestant Reformation in 1528, Interlaken Abbey was secularized and its lands, including Allmendingen, were taken by Bern. A new Allmendingen Castle was built near the old castle during the 16th or 17th century. One clue as to the construction date is that a door in the tower bears the year 1607. The new castle was built for the Graffenried family in the Renaissance style. The tower was initially topped with a high pointed roof, which was later replaced with a lower one. In the 18th century, the castle was renovated by the Schultheiss Isaak Steiger and then by his son Franz Ludwig. They expanded the castle with a garden court yard and a connecting arbor.</p><br>
<p>On 17 September 1946 Winston Churchill visited Allmendingen Castle.</p><br>
<p>The Frequency Changing Station in Spokane, Washington is a building listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was built by the Spokane and Inland Empire Railroad in 1908 to house electrical equipment used by the electric railway. Power was generated at the Nine Mile Falls dam and transmitted to the Frequency Changing Station. The station provided direct current to the streetcar network within the city of Spokane. To provide power to the rail network outside Spokane, the station converted a portion of the power to alternating current and fed it to a series of electrical substations spaced about 15 mi on the operating line. The substations then converted power back to direct current for the streetcars, but also sold power at 110 volts AC to the communities.</p><br>
<p>The main station houses four motor-generator sets, four 1250 kilowatt transformers, three 375 kilowatt transformers, and three 75 kilowatt transformers. The east wing of the station contained a 550-volt, 275-cell storage battery. All of this electrical equipment was removed around 1939, when the owning railroad sold the property.</p><br>
<p>The railroad connected the cities of Colfax, Washington and Moscow, Idaho to Spokane, and the electric railway figured heavily in the rapid development of the area where it passed.</p><br>
<p>The Brattain–Hadley House was located in Springfield, Oregon and was formerly listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Fire destroyed much of the house in 1997, and in 2012 a demolition contractor removed the house for safety reasons.</p><br>
<p>Paul Brattain, an 1852 pioneer, obtained a 160-acre donation land claim soon after moving from Iowa to Oregon. The Brattain farm was entirely within modern Springfield city limits.</p><br>
<p>When Brattain died in 1893, his descendants built the Queen Anne style house. Paul Hadley, Brattains grandson, was the last of Brattains descendants to occupy the house in the 1940s. Hadley&#39;s daughter, Mary Hadley Callis, allowed vagrants to occupy the house until the 1997 fire. The house was removed from the National Register on May 8, 2012.</p><br>
<p>Pir Ghaib Waterfalls at a distance of 70 km from Quetta on Sibi Road is situated a popular picnic spot known as Pir Ghaib. Here a waterfall cascades down rocky mountain side making its way through many streams and ponds among the shady palm trees. You need a 4-wheeled transport to reach the spot from the main road.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>" Legend relates that Pir Ghaib and his sister, the venerable Bibi Nani, arrived here to convert the local heathens in the early days of Islam. But the fire worshippers sent an army after the pious pair. IN the gorge of the Bolan, the siblings split; Bibi Nani went down the gorge (her purported tomb is under a bridge about 15 km downstream) while her brother fled into this arid landscape with the army in hot pursuit. At the head of the gorge, seeing that he was blocked by the rock wall, the saint prayed to almighty to be rescued. As is the wont of the Lord of all saints, He cleaved the rock to receive the holy man. And so he was known as Pir Ghaib – The Invisible Saint.</p><br>
<p>Local Hindus worship Pir Ghaib as Mahadev. But, long before the Bolan gorge had rung with vedic hymns or invocations of the Pir Ghaib, travellers and traders from the Indus Valley would have stopped at this spring sacred to their own gods on the first leg of their long journey to Mesopotamian marts. As the vedic God Shivaderives from an earlier Indus Valley deity, and as the 5000 year old goddess Nania evolves into Bibi Nani or Durga, so too did the Pir Ghaib develop from an early Indus Valley god. But until the Indus script is understood we will not know which from this pantheon was celebrated for walking into rock walls.</p><br>
<p>The Sahibi river , also called the Sabi River , is an ephemeral, rain-fed river flowing through Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi states in India. It drains into Yamuna at Delhi, where its channeled course is also called the Najafgarh drain, which also serves as Najafgarh drain bird sanctuary.</p><br>
<p>Several Ochre Coloured Pottery culture sites (also identified as late Harappan phase of Indus Valley Civilisation culture) have been found along the banks of Sahibi river and its tributaries such as Krishnavati river, Dohan river (originates near Neem Ka Thana in Alwar district) and Sota River (merges with Sahibi river at Behror in Alwar district). The drainage pattern for all these rivers is dendritic.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Sahibi River originates from the eastern slopes of the Saiwar Protected Forest hills in Aravalli Range near Jitgarh and Manoharpur in Sikar district of Rajasthan state. After covering about 157 km distance in the Rajasthan state. After gathering volume from a hundred tributaries, the Sahibi River forms a broad stream around Alwar and Kotputli. The main tributaries of Sahibi are Sota river, Kotkasim drain and Indori river (Indori Nallah). In some of its reaches, from Mandawar and Kotkasim to Haryana border, meandering of the river causes bank erosion.</p><br>
<p>It leaves Rajasthan state beyond Kotkasim in Alwar district near village Ujauli and covers a total distance of about 222 km up to Dhasa Bund.</p><br>
<p>It enters Haryana state at Jhabua, near the city of Rewari in Rewari district, after which it re-enters first Rajasthan state near Kotkasim, and then Haryana again near the village of Jarthal. The dry riverbed near Jarthal is 2 km wide. During light monsoon rainfall, the river&#39;s flat and sandy bottom absorbs all rainwater. During heavy rains, the river has defined course up to Pataudi railway station and branches off into two smaller streams to Jhajjar, finally reaching the outskirts of Delhi through Najafgarh drain and ending at the Yamuna River.</p><br>
<h2>Catchment area</h2><br>
<p>The catchment area of the Sahibi River encompasses the following cities and towns: Sikar, Jaipur, and Alwar in northeastern Rajasthan state; Bawal, Rewari, Pataudi, and Jhajjar district in southern Haryana state; and Delhi state.</p><br>
<p>The catchment area of the Sahibi River in Rajasthan is 4,523.67 km&sup2; of Jaipur, Alwar and Sikar Districts, between latitudes 27°16 and 28°11 and longitudes 75°42 and 76°57. Sahibi Basin falls in three Districts of Rajasthan namely: Alwar district (62.11%), Jaipur district (29.30%) and Sikar district (8.59%).</p><br>
<p>Mean Annual Rainfall in Sahibi Basin is 627.60 mm. Highest maximum temperature ranges from 45.45-45.99 °C with a mean value of 45.8 °C, while Lowest minimum temperature ranges from 1.64-3.14 °C with a mean value of 2.45 °C.</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries</h2><br>
<p>These west to north-west flowing rivers originate from the western slopes of Aravalli range in Rajasthan, flow through semi-arid historical Shekhawati region, drain into southern Haryana.</p><br>
<p>Sahibi River, originates near Manoharpur in Sikar district flows through Haryana, along with its following tributaries:</p><br>
<p>Dohan river, tributary of Sahibi river, originates near Neem Ka Thana in Alwar district).</p><br>
<p>Sota River, tributary of Sahibi river, merges with Sahibi river at Behror in Alwar district.</p><br>
<p>Krishnavati river, former tributary of Sahibi river, originates near Dariba copper mines in Rajsamand district of Rajasthan, flows through Patan in Dausa district and Mothooka in Alwar district, then disappears in Mahendragarh district in Haryana much before reaching Sahibi river.</p><br>
<h2>Within Delhi</h2><br>
<p>The Najafgarh Drain or Najafgarh Nallah (nallah in Hindi means drain) is another name for the Sahibi River, which continues its flow through Delhi where it is channelised for flood control purposes. It is a tributary to the Yamuna River, into which it flows. The Najafgarh Drain gets its name from the once famous and huge Najafgarh Lake near the town of Najafgarh in southwest Delhi. The Najafgarh Drain is the capital’s most polluted body of water due to the direct inflow of untreated sewage from surrounding populated areas. Assessing the water quality of wetlands in wildlife habitats, a January 2005 report by the Central Pollution Control Board rated the Najafgarh Drain under category D, along with 13 other highly polluted wetlands.</p><br>
<p>Regulators at the Keshopur Bus Depot on the Outer Ring Road are wide with thick and high embankments. A vast amount of water is retained in this widened drain by closing the Kakrola regulators under Najafgarh Road to recharge the local groundwater table.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Prior to 1960, the rain-fed Sahibi River entered Delhi near Dhansa and spilled its overflow in the Najafgarh Lake (Jheel) basin, creating a seasonal lake. A vast area more than 300 km&sup2; was submerged in some seasons. In the following decades, the Sahibi River flow reaching Dhansa was channelised by digging a wide drain and connecting it directly to the Yamuna River, completely draining the seasonal Najafgarh Jheel.</p><br>
<p>The Sahibi River flooded in 1977. In response, the Masani barrage was constructed on Delhi-Jaipur highway near Masani village, Rewari. Several smaller dams have also been constructed throughout the hills of Rajasthan to store rainwater. The construction of dams has restricted the flow of water on the Sahibi River and it is now rare for water overflow from monsoon rains to reach up the Masani Barrage.</p><br>
<h2>Indus Valley Civilisation sites in the area</h2><br>
<p>Parts of Rajasthan and Haryana that Sahibi river flows through are arid and have only seasonal moonsoon rainfall, in the past river might have held perennial flow as evident by the presence of several Indus Valley Civilization sites on the banks of present-day Sahibi River meanders and its tributaries. Several sites have been found in many locations to establish a pattern of settlement of widespread Indus Valley Civilization along the banks of Sahibi and its tributaries. Archaeological excavation have proven that Indus Valley Civilization people lived here before the Harappan and pre-Mahabharata periods.</p><br>
<p>Among the finds are handmade and wheel-made pottery dated to 3309–2709 BCE and 2879–2384 BCE found on the banks of the Sahibi River at Jodhpura.</p><br>
<p>Other findings include pottery found on the Sahibi riverbed at Hansaka in the Rewari district by INTACH-Rewari.</p><br>
<p>A red stone statue of Vamana Dev, now displayed at the Shri Krishna Museum, Kurukshetra was unearthed in 2002 on the Sahibi riverbed near Bawal.</p><br>
<p>In various other places on Sahibi riverbed, many artifacts have been found, including arrowheads, fishhooks, spearheads, awls, and chisels.</p><br>
<h2>Identification with Vedic rivers</h2><br>
<p>Several modern scholars identify the old Ghaggar-Hakra River (of which Tangri river is a tributary) as the Sarasvati river and the Sahibi River with the Drishadvati river of Vedic period, on the banks of which in the Vedic state of Brahmavarta, Indus-Sarasvati civilisation or Vedic Sanskriti developed. Such scholars include Bhargava The Drishadwati River had formed one border of the Vedic state of Brahmavarta while other was Saraswati river. This is mentioned in the Rigveda, the Manusmriti, and the Brahmin Granths texts also.</p><br>
<h2>Bridges</h2><br>
<p>Several bridges cross the Sahibi River. A bridge on State Highway 14 crosses the river between Behror and Sodawas (Behror to Alwar Road). On State Highway 52, a bridge crosses the river between Ajaraka and Dadhiya. The Masani Barrage on NH 48 (formerly NH 8) crosses the river near Dharuhera, Rewari. Railway bridges between Ajaraka and Bawal and near Pataudi also cross the river.</p><br>
<p>Stapleford Woods are an area of ancient woodland and forest in Stapleford, Lincolnshire, England. The boundary of the ancient woods marks the county boundary between Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Left in ancient times to Trinity College, Cambridge, the 750 acre site was clear-felled during the early stages of World War I to supply local industry. Left unplanted between the wars, the grounds were used as a British Army camp and training grounds during World War II.</p><br>
<p>In September 1943 No. 239 Squadron RAF had moved to RAF Ayr to train as a night fighter unit, and re-equipped with the De Havilland Mosquito. It then moved to RAF West Raynham, Norfolk to join No. 100 (Bomber Support) Group, participating in night time operations against enemy Nazi-Luftwaffe fighters. On 27 October 1944 during fighter affiliation training with No. 49 Squadron RAF, a Mosquito piloted by F/Lt J.H.Roberts and accompanied by Flight Engineer Sgt. A.M.Ashcroft, stalled and crashed in the woods, with the immediate death of both pilot and passenger.</p><br>
<p>After the cessation of hostilities, in late 1945 the woods were bought by the newly formed Forestry Commission. Along with a lot of woodland within the River Trent valley, in the 1950s the site was extensively replanted with both Scots and Corsican pine, chosen to supply local industry.</p><br>
<h2>Present</h2><br>
<p>Now a managed working forest under the care of the Forestry Commission, surveys in 2004 found that the wood dated back at least 400 years, making it a designated ancient woodland.</p><br>
<h2>Leisure</h2><br>
<p>The Forestry Commission carpark, provides access to a, which takes 30-40mins at a leisurely pace to complete. The car park can be access from Coddington Lane, and is sign posted off of this road whilst travelling through the wood.</p><br>
<h2>The Real Badlands</h2><br>
<p>The woods were the main backdrop for the 2009 documentary film The Real Badlands produced by Current TV and Rockwood Pictures, by British filmmakers Tim Clark and Craig Ford. The film tells the story of a Newark on Trent couple (Simon Burgess and Susan Moran), who fed up with modern day life, quit their jobs, sell all of their possessions, and move into the woods.</p><br>
<p>The film was shot in the woods and Kelham, near Newark on Trent, during the summer and winter of 2008. After release the film was controversial, due to claims that the film was in fact a mockumentary. The filmmakers publicly denied these claims in a written statement read out live on Current TV, minutes after the film was broadcast.</p><br>
<h2>Controversy</h2><br>
<p>In July 2012, the woods made national headlines after the Forestry Commission cleared undergrowth within the woods, which were said to be attracting large numbers of doggers, scaring families and ramblers. Police patrols by both Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire Police have been increased, and carparks closed by North Kesteven at night with warning signs applied.</p><br>
<p>The San Augustine County Courthouse and Jail is a historic courthouse located at the corner of Main and Broadway in San Augustine, Texas. The structure was designed by architect Shirley Simons and built in 1927 by the firm of Campbell and White. The courthouse has an exterior facade made of Texas lueders limestone with green Ludowicki tile on the roof and matching trim. The building reflects a Classical Revival style of architecture. The building includes one of the largest courtrooms in East Texas, featuring two-story Palladian-style windows. A statute of James Pinckney Henderson, the first Governor of Texas, was installed in front of the courthouse in 1937. The courthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. The listing included two contributing buildings and one contributing object. The Texas Historical Commission provided San Augustine County with a $3.7 million grant to restore the courthouse.</p><br>
<p>Île aux Basques is a Canadian island located in the lower estuary of the St. Lawrence River, about 5 km north of Trois-Pistoles, in Les Basques Regional County Municipality of the Bas-Saint-Laurent region of Quebec. The island is part of the municipality of Notre-Dame-des-Neiges.</p><br>
<p>It is, since its acquisition by Société Provancher in 1929, a protected area as a sanctuary for migratory birds. From 1584 until about 1637 it was occupied several times by the Basques, after whom the island takes its name. Both the lack of space in the Basque Country and the abundance of whales in the St. Lawrence River led to the arrival of the Basque fishermen to the island. The Basque Country was divided between the Crown of France and the Crown of Spain since the 1512 Spanish invasion of the Kingdom of Navarre.</p><br>
<p>A series of wars and invasions led seafarers to explore further inland from the Atlantic Ocean for seals, porpoises and whales. The Basques also practiced trade with the Iroquois and Algonquins, one of the first places where the legacy of these two cultures can be seen. These facts were confirmed by archaeological excavations in the 1990s at various locations on the island.</p><br>
<p>The island is home to Basque and Native American sites, four of which are situated along its southern shore. These four sites, or shore camps, resemble similar sites scattered along the shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Shore camps not only gave fishermen and whalers a chance to replenish their supplies of firewood and fresh water, but they also provided space to dry their catch of fish. Whalers also used shore camps to process whales and render the blubber into oil. Four single-hearth Basque ovens used in this process have been discovered on the island; two of these ovens were found at lAnse à la Baleine, the third and fourth at lAnse Qui Pue and lAnse dEn Bas, respectively. In the oven at la Baleine, archaeologists discovered evidence of charred blubber and combustion, as well as pieces of terra cotta roof tiles and fragments of European crockery. In addition, archaeologists found two glass beads alongside the Basque artifacts at la Baleine; one turquoise-colored and the other white, both matched descriptions of types of beads known to be traded by Europeans to native peoples. Native American pottery shards and other Basque items have also been found at the other archaeological sites spread out along the southern shore, confirming that the Basques and native peoples frequented these sites at the same time.</p><br>
<p>The last known documentation of Basque presence on the island was made by Jesuit Paul Lejeune in 1637. Although the exact time the Basques stopped frequenting the island is unknown, the 1664 writings of another Jesuit, Father Henri Nouvel, confirm that the Basque occupation of the island bearing their name was by that time a thing of the past. He observed, "It goes by the name of the Isle aux Basques, on account of the whaling which the Basques did there in bygone days. I took pleasure in visiting the large ovens they had built to make their oil, about which we can still see the great ribs of Whales they killed."</p><br>
<p>The island is 2 km long and 400 m wide, covering an area of 0.55 km&sup2;. Its highest point has an elevation of 50 m in the center of the island. It is located in the physiographic region of the Appalachia, on the south bank of the St. Lawrence opposite the city of Trois-Pistoles, about 250 km east of Quebec City.</p><br>
<p>Île aux Basques was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada.</p><br>
<p>Swan Lake is the second largest lake in Waldo County, Maine. Originally known as Goose Pond, during the 19th century it came increasingly to be referred to as Swan Lake, after the town of Swanville, Maine, which before incorporation had been known as the Plantation of Swan.</p><br>
<p>The lake is drained by Goose River, through a small dam that is owned and operated by Goose River Hydro, Inc., which also owns the water rights. In 1979 an was brokered between the towns of Swanville, Frankfort, Searsport and Goose River Hydro, Inc. The agreement covers water levels as well as Goose River Hydro&#39;s responsibility for the dam and land around it.</p><br>
<p>Most of the area of the lake is in the town of Swanville, with the remainder in Searsport and Frankfort. Approximately 350 houses line the shore of the lake. Swan Lake State Park is on the north shore.</p><br>
<p>Cheney Reservoir is a reservoir on the North Fork Ninnescah River in Reno, Kingman, and Sedgwick counties of Kansas in the United States. Built and managed by the USA Bureau of Reclamation for local water supply, it is also used for flood control and recreation. Cheney State Park is located on its shore.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The USA Bureau of Reclamation, and later the Arkansas-Red-White Basin Interagency Committee established in 1950, conducted studies on the Ninnescah River basin as part of an investigation of the broader Arkansas River basin. The investigation resulted in a water-use and control plan including the construction of reservoirs and the use of available water as a regulated supply for the city of Wichita, Kansas. Wichita needed an additional water supply to supplement its existing supply wells. The water of the Arkansas River was of poor quality and too polluted to use, leaving the Ninnescah as the next closest potential source. The Bureau of Reclamation issued a report in 1957, and the USA Congress authorized the construction of Cheney Dam and Reservoir in 1960.</p><br>
<p>Construction began in 1962 and finished in 1965. Storage of water in the reservoir began with the closure of the river outlet works in November 1964, and delivery of water to the city of Wichita began in the summer of 1965. Conservation storage of water increased until the reservoir was filled in October 1968.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Cheney Reservoir is located at 37&deg;45&prime;35&Prime;N latitude, 97&deg;50&prime;06&Prime;W longitude (37.7597113, -97.8350121) at an elevation of 1,421 ft. The junction of the three counties&#39; borders lies in the reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is impounded at its southeastern end by Cheney Dam (National ID # KS00017). The dam is located at 37&deg;43&prime;31&Prime;N latitude, 97&deg;47&prime;51&Prime;W longitude (37.7252898, -97.7975511) at an elevation of 1,417 ft. The middle portion of Cheney Dam lies in the northwest corner of Sedgwick County, its southwestern end lies in Kingman County, and its northeastern end lies in Reno County.</p><br>
<p>Kansas Highway 251, which runs north-south, connects the reservoir to USA Route 54 4 mi to the south and the community of Cheney 5.5 mi to the south. Below the dam, the highway becomes a paved county road and turns northeast, running parallel to the dam then finally turning east. 21st Street North, another paved county road, runs east-west immediately south of the dam.</p><br>
<p>There are two settlements at Cheney Reservoir, both unincorporated: Mount Vernon, located 1 mi west of the dam, and St. Joe, located 2 mi east of the reservoir&#39;s southeastern end.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrography</h2><br>
<p>The surface area, surface elevation, and water volume of the reservoir fluctuate based on inflow and local climatic conditions. In terms of capacity, the Bureau of Reclamation vertically divides the reservoir into a set of pools based on volume and water level, and it considers the reservoir full when filled to the capacity of its active conservation pool. When full, Cheney Reservoir has a surface area of 9,550 acres, a surface elevation of 1,422 ft, and a volume of 167,074 acre-ft. When filled to maximum capacity, it has an approximate surface area of 26,000 acres, a surface elevation of 1,453 ft, and a volume of 699,278 acre-ft.</p><br>
<p>The streambed underlying the reservoir has an elevation of 1,368 ft.</p><br>
<h2>Infrastructure</h2><br>
<p>Cheney Dam has a structural height of 126 ft and a length of 24,458 ft. At its crest, it has an elevation of 1,454 ft. Its upstream face is covered with soil cement while its downstream face consists of a 12 ft layer of topsoil and grass. It has an uncontrolled spillway that leads to a conduit and stilling basin as well as two sets of outlet works: one for the river and one for Wichita&#39;s municipal water supply.</p><br>
<h2>Management</h2><br>
<p>The USA Bureau of Reclamation owns and operates the dam and reservoir for flood control and municipal water supply purposes as part of its Wichita Project. The City of Wichita operates a pumping facility below the dam which pipes water to a treatment plant in the city.</p><br>
<h2>Parks and recreation</h2><br>
<p>The KDWP operates Cheney State Park located on both shores of the reservoir&#39;s southern end. The 1,913 acres park is divided into two areas: the East Shore Area and the West Shore Area. Both areas include boat ramps, campgrounds, and swimming beaches. The East Shore Area also hosts a full-service marina, and the West Shore Area includes hiking trails as well as the Ninnescah Sailing Center.</p><br>
<p>Cheney Reservoir is open for sport fishing year-round. Hunting is permitted on the public land around the reservoir although it is restricted in certain areas. In addition, certified range officers operate the Cheney Shooting Range on weekends at the north end of the Cheney Wildlife Area.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>Fish species resident in the reservoir include channel catfish, crappie, striped bass, walleye, white bass, and wiper. Game animals living around the reservoir include doves, pheasants, quail, rabbits, and wild turkeys. Other land animals in the area include beavers, bobcats, muskrats, opossums, raccoons, red foxes, and skunks.</p><br>
<h2>IP Address Geo Location</h2><br>
<p>The company Maxmind have recently moved the default Geo Location for over 600 Million Internet IP addresses to point to Cheney Reservoir</p><br>
<p>Council Grove Lake is a reservoir on the Neosho River in east-central Kansas.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Flood Control Act of 1950 authorized the building of Council Grove Dam and Lake, named after the nearby community of Council Grove, Kansas. The effects of the Great Flood of 1951 further demonstrated the need for the project, and the Tulsa District of the USA Army Corps of Engineers began construction in June 1960. The reservoir was completed at a total cost of $11.5 million and became operational for flood control on October 9, 1964.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Council Grove Lake is located at 38&deg;41&prime;59&Prime;N latitude, 96&deg;31&prime;10&Prime;W longitude (38.6997978, -96.5195795) at an elevation of 1,274 ft. The entirety of the reservoir lies within Morris County.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is impounded at its southeastern end by Council Grove Dam. The dam is located at 38&deg;40&prime;50&Prime;N latitude, 96&deg;30&prime;16&Prime;W longitude (38.6805627, -96.5044475) at an elevation of 1,276 ft. The reservoir consists of two arms: a western arm whose primary inflow is the Neosho River from the northwest and an eastern arm whose primary inflow is Munkers Creek from the northeast. The Neosho River is the reservoir&#39;s outflow to the southeast. Smaller tributaries of the western arm are Slough Creek from the north and Canning Creek from the southwest; other tributaries of the eastern arm include Short Creek from the north and Richey Creek from the east.</p><br>
<p>USA Route 56 runs generally east-west roughly 1.5 mi south of the reservoir. Kansas Highway 177 runs generally north-south along the reservoir&#39;s eastern shore.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir&#39;s namesake, the city of Council Grove, lies approximately 1 mi southeast of the dam.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrography</h2><br>
<p>The surface area, surface elevation, and water volume of the reservoir fluctuate based on inflow and local climatic conditions. In terms of capacity, the Corps of Engineers vertically divides the reservoir into a set of pools based on volume and water level, and the reservoir is considered full when filled to the capacity of its conservation pool. When full, Council Grove Lake has a surface area of 3,235 acres, a surface elevation of 1,274 ft, and a volume of 43,984 acre-ft. When filled to maximum capacity, it has a surface elevation of 1,294 ft and a volume of 131,078 acre-ft.</p><br>
<p>The streambed underlying the reservoir has an elevation of 1,225 ft.</p><br>
<h2>Infrastructure</h2><br>
<p>Council Grove Dam is a rolled earth-fill embankment dam that stands 96 ft above the streambed and 6,500 ft long. At its crest, the dam has an elevation of 1,321 ft. An uncontrolled, 500 ft wide spillway is located at the southwest end of the dam. It has a maximum flow capacity of 49,400 cuft/s. Additional outlet works include a 17 ft wide conduit and a 24 in wide low-flow outlet. At the top of the flood control pool, these outlet works have a flow capacity of 11,400 cuft/s. The Neosho River channel below the dam has a capacity of 3,100 cuft/s.</p><br>
<h2>Management</h2><br>
<p>The Tulsa District of the USA Army Corps of Engineers manages Council Grove Dam and Reservoir for the purposes of flood control, recreation, water quality control, and water supply. The Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism (KDWP) manages approximately 2,000 acres of land around the reservoir&#39;s northern ends as the Council Grove Wildlife Area.</p><br>
<h2>Parks and recreation</h2><br>
<p>The Corps of Engineers manages eight parks at the reservoir: Canning Creek Cove, Santa Fe Trail, Marina Cove, and Neosho Park on the southwest shore and Custer Park, Kit Carson Cove, Richey Cove, and Kansa View on the eastern shore. All eight parks include campgrounds, and all but Kansa View host boat ramps. Canning Creek Cove, Neosho Park, and Richey Cove have hiking trails. Council Grove Lake&#39;s one swimming beach is at Richey Cove.</p><br>
<p>Council Grove Lake is open for sport-fishing. Hunting is allowed, with restrictions in some areas, on the public land around the reservoir.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>Fish species resident in the lake include black bass, channel and flathead catfish, crappie, saugeye, white bass, and wiper. One invasive species, the zebra mussel, is also present.</p><br>
<p>Game animals living on land around the reservoir include doves, quail, rabbits, squirrels, turkeys, and white-tailed deer.</p><br>
